Any type of resistance training will strengthen the muscle. Whether or not you gain size is dependent on how long you've been training, and how much resistance you use. If you use bodyweight resistance, you don't grow much, if at all. You only will grow with bodyweight if you're new to training. Otherwise, you need to use weight to stimulate growth.
The body is an adaptive organism. If you don't apply proper resistance for your muscles, then they have no reason to grow. Your body assumes that it's fine the way it is, whether you like it or not. Teach it a lesson, and add weight to any exercise when you want to grow. When you just want endurance/minimal strength then use lower resistance, or bodyweight exercises and calisthenics.