Ceebs, you will find that almost ALL so called anti-oxidants also exhibit pro-oxidant activity too. ALA, much like glutathione, is more of an oxidant "buffer" than a true anti-oxidant (involved in redox cycling). And don't forget that your body also has an absolute requirement for anti-oxidants, especially the immune system.
Interesting thread. Wislon6, I don't have sodium cravings at all. Just thirsty and peeing a lot. Could be the glycerol, but since my intake hasn't changed in a long time, I can't figure out why ALA would suddenly cause the glycerol to have this effect, especially given the reports of the other ALA users who also report the thirst/peeing/dehydration (who are presumably not eating much glycerol).
MR BMJ, I haven't speculated much (just observing at this stage), but if I WERE to speculate, I would tend towards macros theory regarding reduced insulin secretion (hopefully temporary). After all, I did go through a patch of hypoglycemic symptoms when I first started th r-ALA, so it's not to hard to imagine that my body has somehow 'learned' that it doesn't need as much insulin from taking the ALA chronically. No need to invoke downregulation of GLUT4. But as I mentioned, things get pretty screwy when you start looking at variation in insulin secretion and glucose disposal in non-diabetic eumenorrheic women. You're trying to measure small differences against and ever changing background of hormones!
The rat soleus study is interesting, but without reading the whole paper it's hard to conclude much. Glycogen synthesis may be resistant to insulin stimulation during periods of acute starvation in muscles with fiber compositions similar to the epitrochlearis, but NOT in muscles with fiber compositions similar to the soleus. Partial reversal of the resistance observed in vitro for epitrochlearis muscles from starved rats may be due to the loss of factors which suppress the effect of insulin in vivo. So it makes big difference (in rats) if you're looking at soleus versus epitrochlearis, and whether you're looking at starved (glycogen depleted) versus well fed muscles. They should have looked at the epitrochlearis too, and stated whether the muscles were fed or depleted......
In any events, I don't think MY calves have any glycogen synthase activity at all. Thy're strong, but never grow, with or without ALA.