You don't need to have consumed a surplus of calories in any given day in order for a muslce to repair itself.
When was the last time a cut on your finger didn't heal because you weren't eating enough? You're body knows how to create new tissue even if you consume below maintenance calories.
And, you left out one option, you can stay constantly at the correct amount of calories, so that no excess calories are ever stored at fat. This is tough, but possible, as a friend of mine built a killer physique, drug-free, this way.