Here goes:
Refined carbs: Carbs that have gone through alot of processing, which strips them of vitamins/minerals and fiber. An example would be white flour/bread. A better choice would be 100% whole wheat bread.
Hydrogenated Fats: These are oils that are normally unsaturated which have been processed with heat and pressure, causing more hydrogen to be added to make the fat thicker. It also causes the fat to become more saturated. Saturated fats are bad for health, because they tend to clog arteries. Most processed foods contain hydrogenated fats. So stay away from junk food, that is high in fat.
Saturated Fats: Fats which don't have double bonded carbon atoms. This makes the molecule straight, and more likely to clog up arteries, cause they pack well together. Unsaturated fats have a double bonded carbon, which bends the molecule, making it less likely to clog up your system. Saturated fats are usually solid at room temperature, and unsaturated fats tend to be oils at room temp. Saturated fats tend to come from animal fats, and unsaturated fats come from plant sources and some fish.
Macronutrients: These are nutrients that our body uses for fuel and the rebuilding of tissue. The main 3 are protein (4 calories per gram), carbohydrates (4 cals/gram) and Fat (9 calories/gram).
HMB: A supplement that was supposed to increase muscle, but hasn't really lived up to its rep. Try creatine instead.
Ketones: are the product of rapid fatty acid breakdown. So when you go on a ketonic diet (low-no carbs, high fat), your ketone levels in your urine will increase. Some people use strips from to measure the ketone level in their urine to find out if they are in ketosis, (high level of ketones in urine).
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