Alot of people talk about this brain damage that occurs with DXM use, while I dont argue that its possible, I havent seen the science to support that those conclusions can be made, In fact, the research Ive seen is its looked at as a substance that may be used to PREVENT brain damage. William White who wrote the book on how to use DXM is the one responsible for the hypothesis of brain damage, Olney's lesions, NAN. I'll say this again, Olneys lesions have never been seen in humans. If someone could give me an EXAMPLE or a CASE STUDY of this actually being observed in humans or in ANY primate, Id be very appreciative. B/c I havent been able to find it yet, seriously I would appreciate it greatly. I found alot people stating that it happens, even without evidence, so no need to send me that.
I dont want to say William White is full of shit about NAN and olney lesions.
But he is.
Even he says he believes it to be possible *his words: "in rare cases"* again completely unsubstantiated from what I have researched. Not that Im advocating longterm, frequent use.
He has alot of good info, but he's just guessing at most of it, and he wrote the DXM FAQ several years ago and has disappeared since. As I said before, he uses his own long term use experience to state what the long term use of DXM is, hardly scientific. And I suspect that William White was weird as fuck before he ever took DXM
4.15 New Medical Uses for DXM
In the past five years, research, especially research centered on NMDA receptors, has uncovered more and more medical uses for DXM. Some of these include:
4.15.1 Diagnostic Uses
Cytochrome P450-2D6, also known as CYP2D6 or debrisoquine hydroxylase, is a liver enyme which is extensively involved in metabolizing drugs. Many drugs are metabolized by P450-2D6, and many drugs also inhibit it. Some people are genetically lacking in the normal P450-2D6 variant, and physicians will use DXM to determine which variant of P450-2D6 a patient has (10-11). About 5-10% of Caucasians and 0.5% of Asians seem to lack P450-2D6 entirely, or have a very inactive mutation (12-15). In remaining individuals, its activity can vary significantly due to genetic factors (15-18). Between 0.5% and 2% of the population has multiple copies of the P450-2D6 gene and will metabolize 2D6-dependent drugs much more quickly than most people (155).
Since many drugs become toxic at high doses, it is important to give the proper amount to those people who will metabolize it differently than the normal population. DXM is used to test metabolism by CYP2D6. The patient is given a specific amount of DXM, and then the relative concentrations of DXM and its metabolites are determined.
Some recent research suggests that susceptibility to lung cancer may be related to P450 variant, and DXM may be an effective diagnostic tool for predicting lung cancer susceptibility (376).
4.15.2 Neuroprotectant Uses
One area in which DXM (as well as other NMDA blockers; see Section 10.3) shows great promise is in the prevention of brain damage resulting from excitotoxicity (over-stimulation of nerve cells to the point of cell death) and other types of nerve cell damage (19). DXM may reduce or eliminate the brain damage resulting from conditions such as fever, hypoxia (lack of oxygen) (20), ischemia (cutoff of blood to brain cells) (21-22), physical injury (23), infection (such as poliomyelitis, encephalitis, and meningitis), stroke, seizure, drug toxicity (24-25), electrical shock (231), hypoglycaemia (243), and withdrawal from long-term dependence upon certain drugs (notably alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines such as ValiumTM) (26-29).
In the case of infection (and in particular poliomyelitis), it has been demonstrated that the damage to the CNS often occurs not from the infection, but from the body's own defenses, and notably from a chemical called quinolinic acid (a metabolite of tryptophan) (30,31). Quinolinic acid is a very potent agonist (activator) at excitatory amino acid receptors, of which NMDA is one type; DXM prevents quinolinic acid from activating NMDA receptors. (Incidentally, the function of quinolinic acid - if it has any - is not currently known; it may be involved in the immune response).
As for physical trauma, hypoxia, seizure, stroke, etc., there are several experiments which indicate that the majority of the damage again comes from excitotoxicity at excitatory amino acid receptors. While DXM has shown somewhat less success there (possibly due to other factors being involved), it still has potential.
DXM is currently being evaluated as an anticonvulsant (32,33). The animal data are somewhat conflicting, but the most accurate model of epileptic seizures (called kindling) responds well to DXM. Preliminary studies in humans indicates that even very low levels of DXM may help prevent seizures. This effect is not, as was originally thought, due to NMDA receptors; instead, it is probably due to sigma receptors or voltage-gated ion channels (32).
Interestingly, DXM produces different side-effects in kindled (seizure-susceptible) animals than in non-kindled animals (this may be due to uncoupling of NMDA receptors). It is possible that humans susceptible to seizure may experience different effects from recreational DXM use.
4.15.3 DXM for Chronic Pain
DXM seems to enhance the painkilling ability of opiates without adding to the side effects, and in practice the patient can lower the dose of opiates while maintaining analgesic effect (37). As an added bonus, DXM seems to prevent opiate tolerance (see next section). DXM by itself has only marginal analgesic effect if any (373,375).
4.15.4 DXM for Drug Addiction I thnk this is the most interesting field that might come out in the future.
DXM, as well as other dissociatives, seems to prevent and even reverse tolerance to (and thus physical addiction to) many drugs. In the case of opiates, DXM has been used to treat withdrawal symptoms (169). DXM plus diazepam (ValiumTM) was tested and found to be more effective at combating the symptoms of heroin withdrawal (goose flesh, tremors, pupil dilation, joint pains, etc.) than chlorpromazine (ThorazineTM) plus diazepam (34). A further study verified this and found that adding tizanidine (an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist) to the DXM+diazepam cocktail was even more effective (133).
Dissociatives have also been found to reverse or prevent tolerance to cocaine (247), nicotine (249), and alcohol (232), and some researchers have suggested that DXM (and other NMDA antagonists) may be universally useful in most if not all drug addictions.
4.15.5 DXM for Disease and Miscellaneous Conditions
DXM is being investigated as a treatment for various diseases due mostly to its NMDA antagonist effects. The most promising results have been in treating shingles, a disease which primarily affects the elderly wherein a dormant viral infection flares up and attacks peripheral nerves. DXM can block the (often excruciating) pain from this flareup, and may prevent peripheral nerve damage (370). It may also be effective at treating herpes pain (368).
Some chronic neurodegenerative diseases may be treatable with DXM. Notable among these include ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease) (168), although more recent research seems to show that DXM may not be a useful treatment for ALS (363). Even "Mad Cow" disease (and other prion diseases) may respond to treatment with DXM (362).
DXM has also been used to treat mental retardation (35), and Parkinson's disease (36). DXM may even have be useful in treating lung and other cancers (38) and preventing tissue rejection in transplants (263) due to the (poorly understood) effects of sigma ligands on tumor cells and the immune system (see Section 10.2).
Some papers have suggested that dissociatives have antidepressant effects (208,212,223,245,250), while others dispute this (225,229). Finally, the dissociative qualities of DXM may be of use; ketamine has been used to calm children in order to perform genital exam in cases of suspected sexual abuse (184-186).
If any one can find the science and not conjecture that DXM causes the brain damge from NAN and Olney's lesions as some believe, and that it has actually been seen in humans, or any primates for that matter. Id be very appreciated b/c I havent found it yet.
Aliens and other higher beings on higher plateaus are very common among user's trip reports at higher plateau doses. Who am I to say they didnt experience them as they believed, just passing that info. on from numerous user trip reports. I can provide sources for those who dont believe that Im being candid with that fact as it is well documented. The users used the term "aliens", I suspect as it is near impossible to explain those experiences that was the best word they could come up with to describe what they felt. Take it as you wish.
Research on DMT from the fifties also shows that to be a very common experience as well, Im not making it up. One only needs to read the science literature on the users reports to determine that Im not BSing about that.
Licking the frogs from South America, besides not finding a ready source of frogs. The substance is 5-meo-dmt which is not DMT as some people think. Just b/c dmt appears in the name does not mean that it is, in fact DMT. And honestly, despite what some say here, DMT is never for recreational use.
Everything in life is a trade-off, drugs often take with one hand as they give with another. If you choose(as it is your choice) to use this, then go through the experience and then reflect on the doors it may have opened up for you while you are not altered.
While some may get pissy about discussing DXM and discussing the safest way of using it, Id rather see a thousand people take DXM rather than one person chug a bottle of Nyquil and die.
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you Samoth, I knew you were going to come and make fun of this at some point, I had to jab back a lil at ya.
