Alright lets see if I can clear this up....
The nutritive value of pasteurized milk is similar to that of raw milk. The changes that occur are very small. First off, pasteurization helps in the prevention of certain harmful bacteria such as gastroenteritis, TB, diphtheria, and both typhoid and scarlet fever. I don't know about you, but these are things I don't want to take a chance of getting.
As for what things are effected: (From raw to pasteurized milk)
*thiamin levels are slightly decreased.
*vitamin B12 and C are slighly decreased.
*Approximately 6% (very small) of the calcium becomes insoluble. This does not necessarily mean it does not supply a good amount of calcium. 6% insoluble < 94% soluble, big difference.
*Only about 1% of the protein coagulate.
*Some of the Vitamin K is destroyed.
*The biggest effect that pasteurization creates is the increase dispersion of fat globules, which reduces the cream line. Pasteurization will decrease/denature enzymes responsible for the prevention of rancidity in homogenized milk. One of the main reasons pasteurized milk spoils is because of the putrefactive bacteria that hydrolyzes the milk proteins. Actually, some of the polyphenolic compounds that are found in fruits and vegetables act to curdle milk, and of course, so does increased temp's. and acids and certain enzymes.
HOMOGENATION
This is a PHYSICAL process (not chemical), where it decreases the size of the fat globules. This in return increases the number of globules of fat, which leads to an increased surface area of fat. This will bring about a more stable emulsion and decreases the rising of the cream. Because this is a physical process, it does not change the nutritive value of the milk. The milk will appear whiter as a result of the increased dispersion of fat globules. It also alters the viscosity, surface tension, flavor, and cooking properties. It will foam much easier because of the increased surface tension, but there will be a reduction in the curd formed (produces a softer curd), WHICH MAKES IT EASIER TO DIGEST.
***As for the Reduced Lactose Milk, it is pasteurized and ultrapasteurized, or is UHTprocesssed. It is treated with lactase to reduce the lactose by about 70%. This can be nonfat, 1%, or 2% milk. It will have a sweter taste. An alternative to lactase treated milk is to purchase lactase enzyme products and add them directly to whole milk.
MR. BMJ