Friday, July 21, 2000 Arizona Republic article by Mike McCloy:
“Maricopa County officials may soon confront an issue that is fiscally minor but politically dynamite: extending employee benefits to unmarried partners of county workers.
“The county’s Human Resources Department is drafting a proposal for providing health-care and other coverage to [cohabiting] employees’ heterosexual and homosexual companions…”
PROVIDING UNMARRIED PARTNER BENEFITS
TO COHABITING COUPLES IS BAD PUBLIC POLICY BECAUSE OF:
*INCREASED RATE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE*
*INCREASED RATE OF DIVORCE IN SUBSEQUENT MARRIAGE*
*POORER PSYCHOLOGICAL HEALTH*
*ADVERSE CONSEQUENCES TO CHILDREN*
*INCREASED ALCHOHOL PROBLEMS*
Increased Rate of Domestic Violence
A study using a nationally representative sample of 6,000 households found that cohabiting couples were 180% more likely to engage in physical aggression toward each other compared to married couples.
A study using a nationally representative sample of more than 2000 19 to 49-year-old adults found that partners in cohabiting unions have more disagreements, fight more often and report lower levels of happiness than their married counterparts.
Cohabiting couples are 180% more likely than married couples to report episodes of hitting, shoving and throwing things, even after controlling for income, race, education and age.
Increased Rate of Divorce in Subsequent Marriage
In a study of 3,300 cases, cohabiting couples who subsequently married had a 46% higher divorce rate when compared to couples who did not cohabitate prior to marriage.
In a longitudinal study of cohabiting couples, it was found that [1] cohabitation increased acceptance of divorce and [2] the longer the existence of the cohabiting relationship, the less enthusiastic the couple was toward marriage and childbearing.
Couples who cohabit before marriage are 90% more likely to divorce within ten years than couples who did not cohabit.
In a study of the experience of cohabitation with 18 to 23-year-old adults, it was found that cohabitation changes young adult attitudes toward marriage and divorce in ways that make them more prone to divorce.
Poorer Psychological Health
Cohabiting couples report lower levels of happiness and sexual satisfaction as well as poorer relationships withtheir parents.
Cohabiting couples are 300% more likely to suffer from depression than married couples.
Adverse Consequences
Children born to cohabiting parents are 125% more likely to see their parents breakup before they reach age 16 when compared to children born to married parents.
Children living with a mother and a cohabiting partner have significantly more behavior problems and lower academic performance than children living in intact families do.
A study in Great Britain found that rates of child abuse for children living with married biological parents were phenomenally lower when compared to other child household living arrangements.
Increased Alcohol Problems
In seven-year study involving 1200 unmarried adults aged 18 to 24 years, researchers found that participants who chose to cohabitate during the seven-year study had significantly more alcohol problems than participants who chose to marry. Neither premarital levels of alcohol problems among cohabitors nor other demographic characteristics could explain the greater number of alcohol Problems (cont.) problems among cohabitors. The researchers concluded that there is something peculiar about the status of cohabitation, rather than the characteristics of cohabitors, that causes a significantly higher rate of alcohol problems.
ENDNOTES
Stets, “Cohabiting and Marital Aggression: The Role of Social Isolation”, Journal of Marriage and the Family, volume 53, August 1991, pages 669-680.
Brown and Booth, “Cohabitation Versus Marriage: A Comparison of Relationship Quality”, Journal of Marriage and Family, volume 58, August 1996, pages 668-678.
Whitehead, quoting sociologist Linda Waite, “How We Mate”, City Journal, Summer 1999, pages 38-49.
DeMaris, Alfred and Rao, “Premarital Cohabitation and Subsequent Marital Stability in the United States: A Reassessment”, Journal of Marriage and the Family, volume 54, 1992, pages 178-190.
Axinn and Barber, “Living Arrangements and family Formation Attitudes in Early Adulthood”, Journal of Marriage and the Family, volume 59, 1997, pages 595-611.
Bumpass and Sweet, “ National Estimates of Cohabitation: Cohort levels and Union Stability”, Demography, 26, 1989, page 621. See also Balakrishnan, Rao, Lapierre-Adamcyk and Krotki, “A Hazard Model Analysis of the Covariates of Marriage Dissolution in Canada, Demography, volume 24, 1987, pages 395-406.
Waite and Joyner, “Men’s and Women’s General Happiness and sexual Satisfaction in Marriage, Cohabitation and Single Living”, unpublished manuscript – Population Research Venter, University of Chicago, 1996. See also Amato and Booth, “A Generation at Risk”, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, Press 1997, Table 4-2, pages 258.
Robins, Lee and Reiger, “Psychiatric Disorders in America”, New York Free Press, 1990, page 72.
Whitehead, “How We Mate”, City Journal, 1999, pages 38-49.
Thompson, Hanson, McLanahan, “Family Structure and Child Well-Being: Economic Resources versus Parental Behavior”, Social Forces, volume 73, 1994, pages 221-242.
Whelan, “Broken Homes and Battered Children: A study of the Relationship Between Child Abuse and Family Type”, London, England, Family Education Trust, 1993, Table 12, pages 29.
Horwits and White, “The Relationship of Cohabitation and Mental Health: A Study of a Young Adult Cohort”, Journal of Marriage and the Family, volume 60, 1998, pages 505-514