For a long time, experts believed that weight training on a virtually empty stomach, followed directly afterward by a protein-and-simple-carbohydrate meal, was the most effective way to add muscle mass. However, according to a recent study done at the University of Texas that appeared in the American Journal of Physiology: Endocrinology and Metabolism, a small meal eaten shortly before your workout might more effectively provide your body with the nutrients it needs for recovery.
"It takes quite a while for protein to be broken down into amino acids, move into the amino-acid pool, and subsequently move into the muscles for that repair process," explains Mark Casselman, M.S., C.S.C.S. "The process takes longer than a few minutes or even an hour. The new thinking is that when you take in a small bolus of protein and before exercise, essentially you're giving that protein time to break down while you're working your muscles. So when your muscles are hungry for that protein after your workout, that protein will be more readily available.
"The study that looked at this gave a really small amount of protein to subjects before their training. In other words, don't work out after you've just slurped back a huge shake or eaten a large meal, because your body will have to expend too much energy digesting it. The way to go is to eat a small snack; all you need is a half a cup of cottage cheese or less than 200 calories of a protein drink. Keep the calorie count low and gauge how well your body responds to it. You can take in this light meal anywhere up to a half hour before your workout. It's not like you need to scarf it down and climb right on the bike.
"Another benefit of having a small meal is that you'll have more amino acids available in your bloodstream while you're working out. If you train for longer than 45 minutes at high intensity, your body may start to pull protein from muscle tissue to use as fuel. But if you've got those amino acids floating around in your blood, your body may be less likely to dip into your muscle-protein stores."