So it's impossible to tell not knowing your training history, not knowing what exercises you'll be performing, not knowing how heavy you'll be lifting, and not knowing how long you plan on doing it (i.e. overtraining doesn't happen in a day, it is cummulative fatigue so doing a program for 4 weeks might be quite stimulative yet 10 weeks would kill someone). Also, overtraining is systemic - symptoms include increased reaction time, sustained decrease in performance by 10-15% or greater, sleep disruption, depression, and a bunch of other stuff. You don't get that from a few too many sets one day, that's the body's nervous system breaking down due to high levels of accumulated fatigue.
So now you know that fatigue can be accumulated as a result of training. Obviously the other result of training is what you are driving for strength, speed, hypertrophy - whatever. This is basically refered to as fitness. Interestingly fitness and fatigue accrue and disipate at very different rates....what is the implication? Well obviously fatigue limits your ability to accrue fitness so maybe it's worth looking at their respective rates of accrual and disipation to see if we can plan a workout program around it. This is not a new or novel concept - this is basically the way training is done for elite athletes all over the world in every sport except BBing which although massively affected by it due to the application of weight training stimulus has managed to keep itself ignorant.
Anyway, this is called fitness fatigue theory or dual factor theory. The overwhelming majority of BBing still look at the world in a single factor framework where you train and recover workout to workout making the timing critical, this model as been shot to living dogshit by science and has been totally supplanted by the dual factor model as single factor falls appart reliably and repeatedly under different circumstances while the dual can account for and explain the whole lot. This is what is done with theories - get a better one and junk the old one, although in the case of beginners, novices, and lower intermediate lifters the single factor style programming is considered most appropriate.
This article delves into it more deeply and will enhance your understanding of overtraining because obviously at this point you are realizing that just about every person you've ever heard use the word to rationalize something in their workout doesn't have a freaking clue about what it really is or what is involved in fatigue management. I should also point out that a periodized program built around these concepts only really becomes valuable once you have some decent experience. Even the people who train the best never use this for novices or lower intermediate atheltes/lifters as they make the same progress or even better better at times using a linear pattern and pushing more consistently at lower volumes.
http://www.higher-faster-sports.com/PlannedOvertraining.html
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