Yes, you can tell by past response to training. My biceps are strong as hell, but don't grow. My quads are huge, but not that strong. My traps grow just thinking about a shrug, while my shoulders just seem to overtrain. All these clue me in. Would be harder for someone new to lifting, I imagine. Unfortunately you'd have to go THROUGH the trial and error before you could learn the things you'd need to know to avoid the trial and error. 
