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Thymosin Beta 4(TB-500) Injury Healing
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John Juan
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Thymosin β4 Upregulation of MicroRNA-146a Promotes Oligodendrocyte Differentiation and Suppression of the Toll-like Proinflammatory Pathway.
AuthorsSantra M, et al. Show all Journal
J Biol Chem. 2014 May 14. pii: jbc.M113.529966. [Epub ahead of print]
Affiliation
Abstract
Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4), a G-actin sequestering peptide, improves neurological outcome in rat models of neurological injury. Tissue inflammation results from neurological injury and regulation of the inflammatory response is vital for neurological recovery. The innate immune response system which includes the Toll-like receptor (TLR) proinflammatory signaling pathway regulates tissue injury. We hypothesized that Tβ4 regulates the TLR proinflammatory signaling pathway. Since oligodendrogenesis plays an important role in neurological recovery, we employed an in-vitro primary rat embryonic cell model of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and a mouse N20.1 OPC cell line to measure the effects of Tβ4 on the TLR pathway. Cells were grown in the presence of Tβ4 ranging from 25 to 100 ng/ml of (RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD) for 4 days. Quantitative real-time (Qrt) PCR data demonstrated that Tβ4 treatment increased expression of microRNA-146a (mir-146a), a negative regulator the TLR signaling pathway, in these two cell models. Western blot analysis showed that Tβ4 treatment suppressed expression of IL-1 receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), two proinflammatory cytokines of the TLR signaling pathway. Transfection of mir-146a into both primary rat embryonic OPCs and mouse N20.1 OPCs treated with Tβ4 demonstrated an amplification of myelin basic protein (MBP) expression and differentiation of OPC into mature MBP expressing oligodendrocytes. Transfection of anti-mir-146a nucleotides reversed the inhibitory effect of Tβ4 on IRAK1 and TRAF6 and decreased expression of MBP. These data suggest Tβ4 suppresses the TLR proinflammatory pathway by upregulating miR146a.
AuthorsSantra M, et al. Show all Journal
J Biol Chem. 2014 May 14. pii: jbc.M113.529966. [Epub ahead of print]
Affiliation
Abstract
Thymosin beta 4 (Tβ4), a G-actin sequestering peptide, improves neurological outcome in rat models of neurological injury. Tissue inflammation results from neurological injury and regulation of the inflammatory response is vital for neurological recovery. The innate immune response system which includes the Toll-like receptor (TLR) proinflammatory signaling pathway regulates tissue injury. We hypothesized that Tβ4 regulates the TLR proinflammatory signaling pathway. Since oligodendrogenesis plays an important role in neurological recovery, we employed an in-vitro primary rat embryonic cell model of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and a mouse N20.1 OPC cell line to measure the effects of Tβ4 on the TLR pathway. Cells were grown in the presence of Tβ4 ranging from 25 to 100 ng/ml of (RegeneRx Biopharmaceuticals Inc, Rockville, MD) for 4 days. Quantitative real-time (Qrt) PCR data demonstrated that Tβ4 treatment increased expression of microRNA-146a (mir-146a), a negative regulator the TLR signaling pathway, in these two cell models. Western blot analysis showed that Tβ4 treatment suppressed expression of IL-1 receptor associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), two proinflammatory cytokines of the TLR signaling pathway. Transfection of mir-146a into both primary rat embryonic OPCs and mouse N20.1 OPCs treated with Tβ4 demonstrated an amplification of myelin basic protein (MBP) expression and differentiation of OPC into mature MBP expressing oligodendrocytes. Transfection of anti-mir-146a nucleotides reversed the inhibitory effect of Tβ4 on IRAK1 and TRAF6 and decreased expression of MBP. These data suggest Tβ4 suppresses the TLR proinflammatory pathway by upregulating miR146a.
John Juan
New member
Thymosin β4 increases the potency of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells for myocardial repair.
AuthorsYe L, et al. Show all Journal
Circulation. 2013 Sep 10;128(11 Suppl 1):S32-41. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000025.
Affiliation
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) has been shown to enhance the survival of cultured cardiomyocytes. Here, we investigated whether the cytoprotective effects of Tβ4 can increase the effectiveness of transplanted swine mesenchymal stem cells (sMSCs) for cardiac repair in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI).
METHODS AND RESULTS: Under hypoxic conditions, cellular damage (lactate dehydrogenase leakage), apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelingc cells), and caspase-8 activity were significantly lower, whereas B-cell lymphoma-extra large protein expression was significantly higher, in sMSCs cultured with Tβ4 (1 μg/mL) than in sMSCs cultured without Tβ4, and Tβ4 also increased sMSC proliferation. For in vivo experiments, animals were treated with basal medium (MI: n=6), a fibrin patch (Patch: n=6), a patch containing sMSCs (sMSC: n=9), or a patch containing sMSCs and Tβ4 (sMSC/Tβ4: n=11); Tβ4 was encapsulated in gelatin microspheres to extend Tβ4 delivery. Four weeks after treatment, echocardiographic assessments of left-ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening were significantly better (P<0.05) in sMSC/Tβ4 animals (left-ventricular ejection fraction=51.7 ± 1.1%; fractional shortening=26.7 ± 0.7%) than in animals from MI (39 ± 3%; 19.5 ± 1.7%) and Patch (43 ± 1.4%; 21.6 ± 0.9%) groups. Histological assessment of infarct wall thickness was significantly higher (P<0.05) in sMSC/Tβ4 animals (50%, [45%, 80%]) than in animals from MI (25%, [20%, 25%]) group. Measurements in sMSC (left-ventricular ejection fraction=45 ± 2.6%; fractional shortening=22.9 ± 1.6%; TH = 43% [25%, 45%]), Patch, and MI animals were similar. Tβ4 administration also significantly increased vascular growth, the retention/survival of the transplanted sMSCs, and the recruitment of endogenous c-Kit(+) progenitor cells to the infarcted region.
CONCLUSIONS: Extended-release Tβ4 administration improves the retention, survival, and regenerative potency of transplanted sMSCs after myocardial injury.
AuthorsYe L, et al. Show all Journal
Circulation. 2013 Sep 10;128(11 Suppl 1):S32-41. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000025.
Affiliation
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) has been shown to enhance the survival of cultured cardiomyocytes. Here, we investigated whether the cytoprotective effects of Tβ4 can increase the effectiveness of transplanted swine mesenchymal stem cells (sMSCs) for cardiac repair in a rat model of myocardial infarction (MI).
METHODS AND RESULTS: Under hypoxic conditions, cellular damage (lactate dehydrogenase leakage), apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelingc cells), and caspase-8 activity were significantly lower, whereas B-cell lymphoma-extra large protein expression was significantly higher, in sMSCs cultured with Tβ4 (1 μg/mL) than in sMSCs cultured without Tβ4, and Tβ4 also increased sMSC proliferation. For in vivo experiments, animals were treated with basal medium (MI: n=6), a fibrin patch (Patch: n=6), a patch containing sMSCs (sMSC: n=9), or a patch containing sMSCs and Tβ4 (sMSC/Tβ4: n=11); Tβ4 was encapsulated in gelatin microspheres to extend Tβ4 delivery. Four weeks after treatment, echocardiographic assessments of left-ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening were significantly better (P<0.05) in sMSC/Tβ4 animals (left-ventricular ejection fraction=51.7 ± 1.1%; fractional shortening=26.7 ± 0.7%) than in animals from MI (39 ± 3%; 19.5 ± 1.7%) and Patch (43 ± 1.4%; 21.6 ± 0.9%) groups. Histological assessment of infarct wall thickness was significantly higher (P<0.05) in sMSC/Tβ4 animals (50%, [45%, 80%]) than in animals from MI (25%, [20%, 25%]) group. Measurements in sMSC (left-ventricular ejection fraction=45 ± 2.6%; fractional shortening=22.9 ± 1.6%; TH = 43% [25%, 45%]), Patch, and MI animals were similar. Tβ4 administration also significantly increased vascular growth, the retention/survival of the transplanted sMSCs, and the recruitment of endogenous c-Kit(+) progenitor cells to the infarcted region.
CONCLUSIONS: Extended-release Tβ4 administration improves the retention, survival, and regenerative potency of transplanted sMSCs after myocardial injury.
Hey thanks for all the amazing info. I have been taking Tb 500 for 2 month and have had terrific results. One of the benefits you stated is angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is a fundamental step in the transition of tumors from a benign state to a malignant one.
What are your thoughts on this?
What are your thoughts on this?
John Juan
New member
That's the one thing about wound excelleration or increased rate of healing that is a risk, whether it be TB-500, BPC 157, igf1, hgh, etc., they accelerate the growth rate of everything good but also the potential of anything bad lying around. I'm using pentosan for cartilage regeneration along with hyalronic acid. These also run that same risk. For me it's worth the risk as my rotator cuffs and knees are shot. We all have to come to our own conclusion on if the benefits outweigh the risks.
John Juan
New member
Thymosin beta 4 induces hair growth via stem cell migration and differentiation.
AuthorsPhilp D, et al. Show all Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Sep;1112:95-103.
Affiliation
Abstract
Thymosin beta 4 is a small 43-amino-acid molecule that has multiple biological activities, including promotion of cell migration angiogenesis, cell survival, protease production, and wound healing. We have found that thymosin beta 4 promotes hair growth in various rat and mice models including a transgenic thymosin beta 4 overexpressing mouse. We have also determined the mechanism by which thymosin beta 4 acts to promote hair growth by examining its effects on follicle stem cell growth, migration, differentiation, and protease production.
AuthorsPhilp D, et al. Show all Journal
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2007 Sep;1112:95-103.
Affiliation
Abstract
Thymosin beta 4 is a small 43-amino-acid molecule that has multiple biological activities, including promotion of cell migration angiogenesis, cell survival, protease production, and wound healing. We have found that thymosin beta 4 promotes hair growth in various rat and mice models including a transgenic thymosin beta 4 overexpressing mouse. We have also determined the mechanism by which thymosin beta 4 acts to promote hair growth by examining its effects on follicle stem cell growth, migration, differentiation, and protease production.
John Juan
New member
I've been taking one vial of TB500 once a week just prior to training my legs for the reduced inflammatory effect. I just had one of my best leg workouts all year. I'm going to stick to one vial a week long term. That's considered low dose but it compounds over time and really makes a big difference in injury healing and muscle recovery. This stuff is even said to grow your hair. There is tons of proven literature on pubmed.com regarding TB500, aka thymosin beta 4 or TB4
