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redsamurai
Banned
By-Products and Regionally Available Alternative Feedstuffs for Dairy Cattle
This is just from the "unusual" classified section.........
Bakery Waste
Pastry products from stores or bakeries. May be received without drying or removal of the wrappers.
Consists of various combinations of bread, crackers, cookies, cakes, and doughnuts. Usually dried and ground together.
Higher in energy than corn, but very low in fiber.
Restrict to not more than 20% to 25% of grain ration, 10% of the TMR, or 8 pounds per head per day.
Tends to depress milk fat content when fed at high levels. Avoid more than 1 pound of added fat per cow per day.
Higher levels may be fed to replacement heifers and dry cows.
Salt content variable, generally 1% to 3%.
Highly palatable and may be run through a forage chopper to facilitate feeding.
Beans (or Peas), Cull
Seed not acceptable for food use.
Cull beans and peas contain about 25% CP (DM basis).
Palatability and protein quality restrict use.
May comprise 15% to 20% of concentrate DM or 7% to 10% of total mixed ration dry matter. Researchers have fed 25% of grain as field peas with no negative effect.
Generally recommend rolling prior to feeding.
Anti-nutritional component of raw navy beans (lectin) reduces nutrient uptake by the small intestine, limiting feeding rate to less than 2 pounds per cow per day.
Heat processing will minimize detrimental effects of lectins and increase UIP value.
Candy
Rejected product from candy and sweetener manufacture.
Examples include chocolate candy bars, cull gummy bears, lemon drops, and licorice.
Products available through distributors and sometimes the factory.
Analysis will vary depending on source.
Sources of certain nutrients, namely, fat and sugar, but low in protein.
Highly palatable.
Limit to 5 pounds per day, equivalent to 1 pound of supplemental fat.
May be blended with pasta or peanut skins.
Typical analysis of candy products is: 5.2% CP, 5% ADF, 1.10 Mcal NEL per pound, .07% calcium, .17% phosphorus, and 22.4% other extract (fat).
Fat
Common sources include whole oilseeds, animal fat, and various ruminal-inert granular fat products.
Best used in a combination of both plant and animal fat when added to diet.
Source of concentrated energy -- 2.25 times the energy of carbohydrates.
Unsaturated fats (vegetable oils) tend to lower milk fat test.
Saturated fats from animal sources or animal-vegetable blends.
Increase calcium and magnesium levels in diet to 1% and .3%, respectively.
Several "dry fat" forms available commercially referred to as inert fats.
Generally, oilseeds are limited to 1.5 pounds per cow per day or 3% of the total mixed ration dry matter. This limits intake of whole oilseeds to less than 7 pounds of dry matter per cow per day or 15% of the TMR dry matter.
Can feed animal fat (tallow) at 2% of ration DM (about 1 pound per cow per day) to high producing cows along with whole oilseeds.
Choice white grease guidelines similar to tallow.
Restaurant grease is not recommended to be fed to lactating cows because of milk fat depression related to trans-fatty acids in vegetable oil.
Because the fatty acid profile of vegetable oil is more highly unsaturated than animal fat, its feeding rate should be limited to .5 pounds per cow per day and should not be fed along with whole oilseeds.
Total supplemental fat should be limited to less than 5% of ration DM (3% whole oilseeds, and 2% from animal fat) or less than 2.5 pounds per cow per day. This limits total ration fat levels (including basal ingredients) to about 7% to 8% of ration DM.
Animal fat must be melted and can be difficult to blend in TMR or to feed individually.
Blending animal fat with the protein concentrate or grain mix at the feed mill or purchasing commercial high-fat supplements make it easier to handle.
Fat can be fed during lactation as long as the level of milk production (>70 pounds per day) and body condition (BCS <3.0) warrant its use.
Molasses, Cane
Coproduct from manufacture of sugar from sugar cane.
Highly palatable.
Used for flavor and control of dust in rations.
Pasta
Available from processors and ingredient distributors as straight pasta or blends with other ingredients.
Use in limited amounts to avoid milk fat depression because of high starch content. Less restrictive than cooked starch or bread.
Can be fed at rates from 4 to 8 pounds of DM per cow per day, depending on its starch content.
Typical analysis, on a dry matter basis: 14.6% CP, 3% ADF, .90 Mcal NEL per pound, .02% calcium, .16% phosphorus, and 1.6% fat (EE).
Potato Waste
Potato processing waste. Usually a mixture of various components: steam peel, raw chip, french fries, and cooked potato.
Potato waste straight from a processing plant may contain varying amounts of inedible or rotten potatoes, french fries, chips, skins, and fats or oils from frying operations. Pay attention to its composition.
By-product is quite liquid (approximately 75% to 80% moisture), making it difficult to transport and store.
Primarily an energy source that is highly digestible and very palatable. Caution is required to avoid ruminal acidosis. Cattle will need to adapt to it gradually.
Protein content (about 9%) is typically only 60% digestible, depending on amount of heat used while processing.
Low fiber content may be associated with a decrease in milk fat percentage.
Potato-based rations often vary in calcium and, to some degree, magnesium. A mixture of limestone, dicalcium phosphate, and trace mineral salt is suggested to prevent deficiencies.
Deficient in fat soluble vitamins requiring added supplementation.
When feeding culls, use fresh. Can be fed to cows either whole or chopped.
Do not use frozen, rotten, or sprouted potatoes. Frozen potatoes may cause choking.
Limit dairy cattle to 25 to 35 pounds per cow per day, on an as fed basis, or 5 to 8 pounds of DM per cow per day.
Typical nutrient analysis (DM basis) for cull potatoes and potato waste is: 10% CP, 3% ADF, .83 NEL per pound, .02% calcium, .24% phosphorus, and .4% EE; and 8% CP, 6% ADF, .87 NEL per pound, .16% calcium, .25% phosphorus, and 5% EE, respectively.
Potato processing wastes can be mixed with chaff, chopped hay, or haylage and preserved as silage, as well as dried and preserved as potato meal.
Screenings
Clean out from various small grains and corn.
Best grade consists primarily of broken and shrunken kernels of grain, wild oats, and other weed seeds.
When ground, good screenings approach grain in feeding value and have been used as 25% of concentrate mixes for dairy and 15% to 20% in feedlot rations.
Light, chaffy screenings are much higher in fiber and resemble straw (more than grain) in feeding value. Restrict to 10% or less of concentrate mixes.
If screenings contain much mustard, lambs-quarters, and pigweed, their feeding value is very low and may be unpalatable.
Some weed seeds may cause objectionable flavor in the milk and meat of animals consuming large quantities.
Some weed seeds pass through the digestive tract and contaminate fields and pastures where manure is deposited.
Mycotoxins tend to associate with the fines when mold problems exist in the field.
Vomitoxin is an indicator of mycotoxin contamination.
Starch
Unheated starch is available from some candy manufacturers.
Most effective when used in rations needing more rumen fermentable starch.
May comprise up to 15% to 20% of concentrate DM or 7% to 10% of total mixed ration DM, depending on starch content.
Typical nutrient analysis: 10.8% CP, 4.4 ADF, .85 Mcal NEL per pound, .13% calcium, .18% phosphorus, and .4% EE.
Wastes, Animal
Recycled animal wastes from broilers or layer-house litter.
Feeding level in grower and finishing rations for beef cattle and sheep is 5% to 15%.
Animal wastes are not approved as a feed for lactating dairy cattle.
Mineral levels extremely variable.
Whey
Liquid residue of milk separated from curd during cheese making. Consists mainly of lactose, protein, minerals, and waste.
Sweet whey (from cheddar and mozzarella processing) has pH of 6.0. Acid whey (from processing cottage cheese) has pH of 4.6 making it less palatable. Acid levels of both whey products drops pH to about 3.5 in two days.
Corrosive -- store in suitable holding tank (plastic, stainless steel, glass, or wood).
Should be delivered fresh daily.
Whey over 36 hours old and of low pH is not as palatable as fresh product.
Cows adapt slowly to product. May require up to 4 weeks.
Once accustomed, cows will consume about two-thirds of their normal water intake as whey. Contains about 4% to 7% dry matter, with the solids fraction relatively high in feeding value.
On DM basis, whey is similar to corn in TDN; contains one-third more protein.
Most whey contains 11% to 13% CP, energy similar to ear corn. Some whey contains 7% to 8% fat, but more typically .2% to .1% fat (DM basis).
Few problems are generally encountered. However, bloat and acidosis can occur if supply is allowed to run out and hungry animals over-consume whey in a short period of time.
Whey is best provided using a tank or watering device, however, flies can be a problem.
Feeding whey increases urine output.
It is important that animals fed whey have free access to water at all times. Animals will naturally reduce water consumption on their own, but it may be necessary to restrict water intake for five to 10 hours each day for several days to encourage intake.
Intake of liquid whey should be limited to not more than 100 to 150 pounds per cow per day.
Can also be used in feeding programs for replacement heifers.
Dried whey products are considered energy feeds and contain 37% to 72% lactose, which is readily fermented in the rumen. It can be added to diets to increase ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis.
Dried whey is usually more expensive than traditional feed ingredients, limiting its use.
pretty sure animals werent' designed by nature to eat this kind of shit no matter what they "allowable" intakes are......like those are adhered to anyway. Meat isn't bad for people, it's this kind of meat that's what's bad. I'm utterly disgusted. I've severely cut down on meat regardless, but when I do eat it it's free range for me. No wonder they have to pump these animals full of anti biotics......:barf:
This is just from the "unusual" classified section.........
Bakery Waste
Pastry products from stores or bakeries. May be received without drying or removal of the wrappers.
Consists of various combinations of bread, crackers, cookies, cakes, and doughnuts. Usually dried and ground together.
Higher in energy than corn, but very low in fiber.
Restrict to not more than 20% to 25% of grain ration, 10% of the TMR, or 8 pounds per head per day.
Tends to depress milk fat content when fed at high levels. Avoid more than 1 pound of added fat per cow per day.
Higher levels may be fed to replacement heifers and dry cows.
Salt content variable, generally 1% to 3%.
Highly palatable and may be run through a forage chopper to facilitate feeding.
Beans (or Peas), Cull
Seed not acceptable for food use.
Cull beans and peas contain about 25% CP (DM basis).
Palatability and protein quality restrict use.
May comprise 15% to 20% of concentrate DM or 7% to 10% of total mixed ration dry matter. Researchers have fed 25% of grain as field peas with no negative effect.
Generally recommend rolling prior to feeding.
Anti-nutritional component of raw navy beans (lectin) reduces nutrient uptake by the small intestine, limiting feeding rate to less than 2 pounds per cow per day.
Heat processing will minimize detrimental effects of lectins and increase UIP value.
Candy
Rejected product from candy and sweetener manufacture.
Examples include chocolate candy bars, cull gummy bears, lemon drops, and licorice.
Products available through distributors and sometimes the factory.
Analysis will vary depending on source.
Sources of certain nutrients, namely, fat and sugar, but low in protein.
Highly palatable.
Limit to 5 pounds per day, equivalent to 1 pound of supplemental fat.
May be blended with pasta or peanut skins.
Typical analysis of candy products is: 5.2% CP, 5% ADF, 1.10 Mcal NEL per pound, .07% calcium, .17% phosphorus, and 22.4% other extract (fat).
Fat
Common sources include whole oilseeds, animal fat, and various ruminal-inert granular fat products.
Best used in a combination of both plant and animal fat when added to diet.
Source of concentrated energy -- 2.25 times the energy of carbohydrates.
Unsaturated fats (vegetable oils) tend to lower milk fat test.
Saturated fats from animal sources or animal-vegetable blends.
Increase calcium and magnesium levels in diet to 1% and .3%, respectively.
Several "dry fat" forms available commercially referred to as inert fats.
Generally, oilseeds are limited to 1.5 pounds per cow per day or 3% of the total mixed ration dry matter. This limits intake of whole oilseeds to less than 7 pounds of dry matter per cow per day or 15% of the TMR dry matter.
Can feed animal fat (tallow) at 2% of ration DM (about 1 pound per cow per day) to high producing cows along with whole oilseeds.
Choice white grease guidelines similar to tallow.
Restaurant grease is not recommended to be fed to lactating cows because of milk fat depression related to trans-fatty acids in vegetable oil.
Because the fatty acid profile of vegetable oil is more highly unsaturated than animal fat, its feeding rate should be limited to .5 pounds per cow per day and should not be fed along with whole oilseeds.
Total supplemental fat should be limited to less than 5% of ration DM (3% whole oilseeds, and 2% from animal fat) or less than 2.5 pounds per cow per day. This limits total ration fat levels (including basal ingredients) to about 7% to 8% of ration DM.
Animal fat must be melted and can be difficult to blend in TMR or to feed individually.
Blending animal fat with the protein concentrate or grain mix at the feed mill or purchasing commercial high-fat supplements make it easier to handle.
Fat can be fed during lactation as long as the level of milk production (>70 pounds per day) and body condition (BCS <3.0) warrant its use.
Molasses, Cane
Coproduct from manufacture of sugar from sugar cane.
Highly palatable.
Used for flavor and control of dust in rations.
Pasta
Available from processors and ingredient distributors as straight pasta or blends with other ingredients.
Use in limited amounts to avoid milk fat depression because of high starch content. Less restrictive than cooked starch or bread.
Can be fed at rates from 4 to 8 pounds of DM per cow per day, depending on its starch content.
Typical analysis, on a dry matter basis: 14.6% CP, 3% ADF, .90 Mcal NEL per pound, .02% calcium, .16% phosphorus, and 1.6% fat (EE).
Potato Waste
Potato processing waste. Usually a mixture of various components: steam peel, raw chip, french fries, and cooked potato.
Potato waste straight from a processing plant may contain varying amounts of inedible or rotten potatoes, french fries, chips, skins, and fats or oils from frying operations. Pay attention to its composition.
By-product is quite liquid (approximately 75% to 80% moisture), making it difficult to transport and store.
Primarily an energy source that is highly digestible and very palatable. Caution is required to avoid ruminal acidosis. Cattle will need to adapt to it gradually.
Protein content (about 9%) is typically only 60% digestible, depending on amount of heat used while processing.
Low fiber content may be associated with a decrease in milk fat percentage.
Potato-based rations often vary in calcium and, to some degree, magnesium. A mixture of limestone, dicalcium phosphate, and trace mineral salt is suggested to prevent deficiencies.
Deficient in fat soluble vitamins requiring added supplementation.
When feeding culls, use fresh. Can be fed to cows either whole or chopped.
Do not use frozen, rotten, or sprouted potatoes. Frozen potatoes may cause choking.
Limit dairy cattle to 25 to 35 pounds per cow per day, on an as fed basis, or 5 to 8 pounds of DM per cow per day.
Typical nutrient analysis (DM basis) for cull potatoes and potato waste is: 10% CP, 3% ADF, .83 NEL per pound, .02% calcium, .24% phosphorus, and .4% EE; and 8% CP, 6% ADF, .87 NEL per pound, .16% calcium, .25% phosphorus, and 5% EE, respectively.
Potato processing wastes can be mixed with chaff, chopped hay, or haylage and preserved as silage, as well as dried and preserved as potato meal.
Screenings
Clean out from various small grains and corn.
Best grade consists primarily of broken and shrunken kernels of grain, wild oats, and other weed seeds.
When ground, good screenings approach grain in feeding value and have been used as 25% of concentrate mixes for dairy and 15% to 20% in feedlot rations.
Light, chaffy screenings are much higher in fiber and resemble straw (more than grain) in feeding value. Restrict to 10% or less of concentrate mixes.
If screenings contain much mustard, lambs-quarters, and pigweed, their feeding value is very low and may be unpalatable.
Some weed seeds may cause objectionable flavor in the milk and meat of animals consuming large quantities.
Some weed seeds pass through the digestive tract and contaminate fields and pastures where manure is deposited.
Mycotoxins tend to associate with the fines when mold problems exist in the field.
Vomitoxin is an indicator of mycotoxin contamination.
Starch
Unheated starch is available from some candy manufacturers.
Most effective when used in rations needing more rumen fermentable starch.
May comprise up to 15% to 20% of concentrate DM or 7% to 10% of total mixed ration DM, depending on starch content.
Typical nutrient analysis: 10.8% CP, 4.4 ADF, .85 Mcal NEL per pound, .13% calcium, .18% phosphorus, and .4% EE.
Wastes, Animal
Recycled animal wastes from broilers or layer-house litter.
Feeding level in grower and finishing rations for beef cattle and sheep is 5% to 15%.
Animal wastes are not approved as a feed for lactating dairy cattle.
Mineral levels extremely variable.
Whey
Liquid residue of milk separated from curd during cheese making. Consists mainly of lactose, protein, minerals, and waste.
Sweet whey (from cheddar and mozzarella processing) has pH of 6.0. Acid whey (from processing cottage cheese) has pH of 4.6 making it less palatable. Acid levels of both whey products drops pH to about 3.5 in two days.
Corrosive -- store in suitable holding tank (plastic, stainless steel, glass, or wood).
Should be delivered fresh daily.
Whey over 36 hours old and of low pH is not as palatable as fresh product.
Cows adapt slowly to product. May require up to 4 weeks.
Once accustomed, cows will consume about two-thirds of their normal water intake as whey. Contains about 4% to 7% dry matter, with the solids fraction relatively high in feeding value.
On DM basis, whey is similar to corn in TDN; contains one-third more protein.
Most whey contains 11% to 13% CP, energy similar to ear corn. Some whey contains 7% to 8% fat, but more typically .2% to .1% fat (DM basis).
Few problems are generally encountered. However, bloat and acidosis can occur if supply is allowed to run out and hungry animals over-consume whey in a short period of time.
Whey is best provided using a tank or watering device, however, flies can be a problem.
Feeding whey increases urine output.
It is important that animals fed whey have free access to water at all times. Animals will naturally reduce water consumption on their own, but it may be necessary to restrict water intake for five to 10 hours each day for several days to encourage intake.
Intake of liquid whey should be limited to not more than 100 to 150 pounds per cow per day.
Can also be used in feeding programs for replacement heifers.
Dried whey products are considered energy feeds and contain 37% to 72% lactose, which is readily fermented in the rumen. It can be added to diets to increase ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis.
Dried whey is usually more expensive than traditional feed ingredients, limiting its use.
pretty sure animals werent' designed by nature to eat this kind of shit no matter what they "allowable" intakes are......like those are adhered to anyway. Meat isn't bad for people, it's this kind of meat that's what's bad. I'm utterly disgusted. I've severely cut down on meat regardless, but when I do eat it it's free range for me. No wonder they have to pump these animals full of anti biotics......:barf:
