Please Scroll Down to See Forums Below Just wondering the difference between sust250 and other test ? can one make better gains on say 500mg sust or would 400mg of t200 or the test enth. be the best way to go? Is there any difference I would think the sides would be the same. Can some one please shed some light on this for me. thanks
Truth about Test ????? HELP?????
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harmonic
New member
Well, regular T-200 has only one esther of testostrone, it is called enanthate. However, Sustanon has 4 different esthers-- Propionate,phenylpropionate,isocaproate, and deconate. The advantage of sustanon is that it esthers will each benefit from different receptors in you body, but T-200 will to only one type of receptor.. Side on T-200 are a little bit worse unless you taper it off at the end of your cycle. Sustonon is self tapering, so you don't really have to worry about a "test crash". Although Clomid is still recommended. I personally have got better gains of T-200 so it is my favorite, and not to mention alot cheaper..
Hope that helps.
Hope that helps.
harmonic
New member
ripped103 said:
Whatever you say pal....... First off, it does hit different receptors.. And you say that "at your level" sust is too many injections.. Sust can be taken once a week just like T-200. However sust works best 2x per week.. Unless your doing more than 3000g of sust per week("at your level" of stupidity), I don't see how it would be consider "too many injections"
All in fun
What exactly are the receptors other than the ar's that sus supposedly hits?
I have to say, I think you're wrong. After the ester is removed, all you have left is test, which hits one receptor. The esters do nothing else but slow the release.
I'd say aratest (test prop. and enan.)is the way to go, very cheap and a quality product.
I have to say, I think you're wrong. After the ester is removed, all you have left is test, which hits one receptor. The esters do nothing else but slow the release.
I'd say aratest (test prop. and enan.)is the way to go, very cheap and a quality product.
No, I don't think suspension and prop are the same. As I stated, the ester slows the release. So, prop is time-released, susp isn't.
The difference between sus and t200 has been stated. BTW, in my opinion (and many others) sus is overrated. Why pay that much when the same results can be reached much cheaper.
You never answered my question Harmonic. What are the 4 receptors that sus hits?
Harmonic,
Sorry but I think you need to read up on what an Ester is and is not. As someone stated above the different test esters only control the release of free test into your blood stream. Once the test is free--same for all test esters--it binds to an AR receptor.
Not sure where you got your info but if you have some scientific facts I would sure love to see them.
D
Sorry but I think you need to read up on what an Ester is and is not. As someone stated above the different test esters only control the release of free test into your blood stream. Once the test is free--same for all test esters--it binds to an AR receptor.
Not sure where you got your info but if you have some scientific facts I would sure love to see them.
D
harmonic
New member
A quote from the anabolic review----
The effect of the above combination ensures that Sustenon lasts up to four weeks in the body. Each of the steroids acting at different times and hitting different receptor sites resulting in a much better "stack" than those which would only hit one or two different receptors I like this steroid because it hits the receptor sites, at different times and is more or less self tapering.
Ba dow!!
The effect of the above combination ensures that Sustenon lasts up to four weeks in the body. Each of the steroids acting at different times and hitting different receptor sites resulting in a much better "stack" than those which would only hit one or two different receptors I like this steroid because it hits the receptor sites, at different times and is more or less self tapering.
Ba dow!!
There're countless amount of threads on this board, that prove the point that Test is Test is Test, and only difference between brands is in ester. Ester delay the release of Test into bloodstream, that's it.
Longer ester is heavier, so fast acting brands will give user a little bit more actual Test, but the difference is not that big.
There's only one receptor for any brand of Test- Androgen Receptor, and in a matter of fact, for all the steroids, even we have to admit that action of some of them are influenced by they affinity to other receptors(Progest, for example, in case of Fina, Anadrol, Deca)
But, in case of Test, it's only one receptor!
What's a difference between Sustanon and Enanthate? Not much of a difference! Even Enanthate will create the illusion of slightly bigger gains, and more water retention, but it's just because it will pick in blood faster, Sustanon is more spread out in its action. At the end of the cycle, the results should be the same, assuming that dosage is the same.
Enanthate may give very slightly better results, because of not so effeciency of first two esters in Sustanon, for first two weeks, more uniform blood level, and due to the fact that Sustanon flue very often interupt training and rest of the user, also, a lot of guys don't like pain that Propionate ester in Sustanon causes.
Personally, I would go with Enanthate, it's a perfect kind of Test, especially for newbies. Also, in most cases, its much less expensive then Sustanon.
Longer ester is heavier, so fast acting brands will give user a little bit more actual Test, but the difference is not that big.
There's only one receptor for any brand of Test- Androgen Receptor, and in a matter of fact, for all the steroids, even we have to admit that action of some of them are influenced by they affinity to other receptors(Progest, for example, in case of Fina, Anadrol, Deca)
But, in case of Test, it's only one receptor!
What's a difference between Sustanon and Enanthate? Not much of a difference! Even Enanthate will create the illusion of slightly bigger gains, and more water retention, but it's just because it will pick in blood faster, Sustanon is more spread out in its action. At the end of the cycle, the results should be the same, assuming that dosage is the same.
Enanthate may give very slightly better results, because of not so effeciency of first two esters in Sustanon, for first two weeks, more uniform blood level, and due to the fact that Sustanon flue very often interupt training and rest of the user, also, a lot of guys don't like pain that Propionate ester in Sustanon causes.
Personally, I would go with Enanthate, it's a perfect kind of Test, especially for newbies. Also, in most cases, its much less expensive then Sustanon.
LOL, man, here we go again.
All that the different esters do is control at what rate the Test is released into your system. Period.
There may be some issues (however slight) as to the effectiveness of some esters in being anble to release all of the bound Test in a controlled manner, and in a reasonable time period (making the Test "available") but those differences are slight.
Now lets watch as folklore tries to out-do science as 12 guys gets into a pissing match over this (again). LOL
All that the different esters do is control at what rate the Test is released into your system. Period.
There may be some issues (however slight) as to the effectiveness of some esters in being anble to release all of the bound Test in a controlled manner, and in a reasonable time period (making the Test "available") but those differences are slight.
Now lets watch as folklore tries to out-do science as 12 guys gets into a pissing match over this (again). LOL
Harmonic, some time ago, people believed that the earth is flat and is laying on a backs of huge elephants, or whales, don't remember now, you know what I'm saying? You know what I mean?
Stop recycling outdated information, don't believe everything you read, look for right info for yourself.
Please, don't take it as a flame, but friendly advice.
Stop recycling outdated information, don't believe everything you read, look for right info for yourself.
Please, don't take it as a flame, but friendly advice.
Here's a good article, looks like you need to read it:
http://www.elitefitness.com/articles/esters.html
I don't know what that book you quoted was talking about, unless they meant different Androgen Receptors (one's newly created), in which case any test would hit them.
http://www.elitefitness.com/articles/esters.html
I don't know what that book you quoted was talking about, unless they meant different Androgen Receptors (one's newly created), in which case any test would hit them.
harmonic
New member
Riker29 said:
Ditto, good idea.. I'm at work, and I don't have time to go back and forth.. My personal opinion is that mg per mg in my experience is that T-200 yeilds myslelf better gains than Sust. Period. Done. The end.
So, to answer you question- T-200 is cheaper, and you may see gains sooner that Sust... Good enough?
harmonic
New member
Gee E2, I figure considering the fact I respect you soooo much, you'd at least respect me back. That was a direct hit "I'm laughing at you not with you".. Damn, I'm not stating my own facts, I'm just relaying info from a well know book of knowlege that we all use or have used. Shit. E2, I looked up to until now. Thanks alot. That was just simply mean.....E2 said:
What exatcly<<< yes I said exactly.. Did I say<< yes I said I. That was incorrect? Please tell me..
Have to agree with Nahanrac and Ripped103. Sustanon is simply a mixture of time-released testosterone. The different terms, testosterone isocaproat.. etc.. refer to the esters. By being released at specific times, through the absorption of the ester gruop by the body, a synergistic release of testosterone is maintained. No matter what the ester attached is, the testosterone always affects androgen receptors and those only. The idea of there being more than one type of androgen receptor is incorrect. My 0.02.
Myo-genetic
New member
Harmonic,
You are 100%, without a doubt, wrong.
There is only one type of androgen receptor.
I really hope your profession is not pharmacology or biochemistry, well it wouldn't be for long with those thought processes.
At first I thought this was a funny thread, but after reflecting at the overall shitty mis-information that is spewed forth on a daily basis on this board, I have to say that it is just sad.
I get my knowledge from real chemistry reference guides and journals....I suggest you do the same. Anabolics 2000 is riddled with errors.
This not to completely ridicule you because I know you are trying to help. But if you don't know, don't post. And your question to E2 proves that you haven't a clue.
You are 100%, without a doubt, wrong.
There is only one type of androgen receptor.
I really hope your profession is not pharmacology or biochemistry, well it wouldn't be for long with those thought processes.
At first I thought this was a funny thread, but after reflecting at the overall shitty mis-information that is spewed forth on a daily basis on this board, I have to say that it is just sad.
I get my knowledge from real chemistry reference guides and journals....I suggest you do the same. Anabolics 2000 is riddled with errors.
This not to completely ridicule you because I know you are trying to help. But if you don't know, don't post. And your question to E2 proves that you haven't a clue.
imprint516
New member
TEST is TEST everyone will react a lil diff to each ..some better to others.. I myself do have a question though...and thats to question the quality of the brovel Enanthate...i heard thats some dirty shit...never used it though wanted to on next cycle..always went with nile sus or the best Cycatoah(which i think is some of the cleanest anabolics around) but id like to hear bros opinions.,
beefmaster
New member
harmonic
T200 HAS EATEN ALL OF YOUR BRAIN CELLS.........they must have been the same type of receptor huh? This type of brain power should move on to heroin.
T200 HAS EATEN ALL OF YOUR BRAIN CELLS.........they must have been the same type of receptor huh? This type of brain power should move on to heroin.
What did you say wrong???
How about saying that each ester in sustanon hits a different receptor!! I didn't know our bodies had different receptors for esters!!!! God this is amazing, dont' you understand that prop, supension, enanthate etc.. etc... ARE ALL TESTOSTERONE!!!!!!!!! They're all EXACTLY THE SAME CHEMICAL!!!!!!
The only difference is the ester that's on them. MMM what' the role of the ester???? SIMPLE!!! Your body can only use the testosterone AFTER the ester has been removed. The ester acts like a little time delay, not allowing you body access to the test until the ester has been removed. The longer the ester the longer it takes your body to gain access to the testosterone molecule. Understand????
I'll use three as an exmple:
Suspension has no ester at all, and your body can use all the testosterone right away
Prop has a very short ester hence it's half life is short
Enanthate has a long ester and it takes you body much longer to remove the fatty acid ester, so it takes longer for your body to gain access to the test molecule , hence it has a longer half life!!! WOW!!! IT"S AMAZING!!!
NOW WE ALL KNOW TEST IS TEST IS TEST, THE ESTER IS JUST THERE TO CAUSE A TIMED RELEASE!!!!!
Strange, how could the exact same molecule (once ester has been removed) hit several different receptors based on the ester that USED to be on the molecule???
NOW DO YOU SEE HOW STUPID THIS STATEMENT IS???
I think it's time for you to learn and start thinking for yourself instead of regurgitating all the crap you read.
The anabolic Review is by no means 'a good source of information' and calling it a 'well known book' adds no merit at all to it. There are tons of anabolic books out there with incredible amounts of flaws. It still amazes me at the crap people publish, the latest Anabolics 2000 was full of mistakes and crap information.
If your opinion of me has now diminished , so be it, but it matters not to me.
How about saying that each ester in sustanon hits a different receptor!! I didn't know our bodies had different receptors for esters!!!! God this is amazing, dont' you understand that prop, supension, enanthate etc.. etc... ARE ALL TESTOSTERONE!!!!!!!!! They're all EXACTLY THE SAME CHEMICAL!!!!!!
The only difference is the ester that's on them. MMM what' the role of the ester???? SIMPLE!!! Your body can only use the testosterone AFTER the ester has been removed. The ester acts like a little time delay, not allowing you body access to the test until the ester has been removed. The longer the ester the longer it takes your body to gain access to the testosterone molecule. Understand????
I'll use three as an exmple:
Suspension has no ester at all, and your body can use all the testosterone right away
Prop has a very short ester hence it's half life is short
Enanthate has a long ester and it takes you body much longer to remove the fatty acid ester, so it takes longer for your body to gain access to the test molecule , hence it has a longer half life!!! WOW!!! IT"S AMAZING!!!
NOW WE ALL KNOW TEST IS TEST IS TEST, THE ESTER IS JUST THERE TO CAUSE A TIMED RELEASE!!!!!
Strange, how could the exact same molecule (once ester has been removed) hit several different receptors based on the ester that USED to be on the molecule???
NOW DO YOU SEE HOW STUPID THIS STATEMENT IS???
I think it's time for you to learn and start thinking for yourself instead of regurgitating all the crap you read.
The anabolic Review is by no means 'a good source of information' and calling it a 'well known book' adds no merit at all to it. There are tons of anabolic books out there with incredible amounts of flaws. It still amazes me at the crap people publish, the latest Anabolics 2000 was full of mistakes and crap information.
If your opinion of me has now diminished , so be it, but it matters not to me.
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Grim Divinity
New member
Umm.. I think you guys are being too hard on harmonic...
so he made a mistake.. big fucking deal. I think everyone has believed something that was false at some time or another.
He knows now and he is better for it.. but there is no need to be rude, it just common courtesy
so he made a mistake.. big fucking deal. I think everyone has believed something that was false at some time or another.
He knows now and he is better for it.. but there is no need to be rude, it just common courtesy
Slopain
Banned
I actually feel dumber now that I read this.
Its a dangerous thing spreading misinformation, this isn't dangerous in itself just silly, but newbies and novices alike please please verify the information given to you. It could be potentially very dangerous to act on misinformation.
Its a dangerous thing spreading misinformation, this isn't dangerous in itself just silly, but newbies and novices alike please please verify the information given to you. It could be potentially very dangerous to act on misinformation.
gearseeker
New member
Why T200 is better then sus
Ill start off by saying out of my "stupidity" I sometimes use almost 3000mg of test per week (i know, i know).
Enanthate is more effective Mg per Mg then sus. Why? Because the short acting esters in sus allow your body to use the test quicker and the overall amount in your bloodstream is less. This is especially true for you guys that only shoot one or two amps per week.
If my science is wrong, I have to say: Enanthate is still more effective then sus. Why? Because Ive used both many, many, many times and enanthate always gives me better results.
Has anyone used sus with better results then enanthate? Please respond or email me. Im curious.
Ill start off by saying out of my "stupidity" I sometimes use almost 3000mg of test per week (i know, i know).
Enanthate is more effective Mg per Mg then sus. Why? Because the short acting esters in sus allow your body to use the test quicker and the overall amount in your bloodstream is less. This is especially true for you guys that only shoot one or two amps per week.
If my science is wrong, I have to say: Enanthate is still more effective then sus. Why? Because Ive used both many, many, many times and enanthate always gives me better results.
Has anyone used sus with better results then enanthate? Please respond or email me. Im curious.
PimpnAintEasy
New member
My 2 cents on Test...
1) USE IT, alone, stacked, whatever just use it, every cycle IMO
2) Don't rule out all Vet versions
3) Determine how injection frequency (ester) will affect your cycle. E.g.: Test alone Cycle: use Test Enan for less frequent injections; Want to use Test Susp---consider stacking with winny/fina; Stacking with EQ---consider Sust; etc.
4) Don't reinvent the wheel: forget oral versions, don't overdo it or use for too long at a time, & don't try to get around using Test by taking clomid on your cycle or viagra---testosterone is an important hormone for more bodily functions than just making your dick hard & it also has an important effect on your natural HGH/IGF levels.
5) Why Sustanon is so popular: it's flexible and readily available, both in human/vet form. You can take it once, twice, or maybe even 3x's a week (EOD) with not much difference in efficacy (dosage dependent). This does not mean it is necessarily better than any other form of Test, it just can be more flexible. I agree, Test is Test, the ester(s) just help you manage how to use it.
6) Consider using arimidex or proviron with your test cycles, always follow up with clomid.
7) Differences in Test efficacy/H20 retention related to ester are slight if not non-existant.
1) USE IT, alone, stacked, whatever just use it, every cycle IMO
2) Don't rule out all Vet versions
3) Determine how injection frequency (ester) will affect your cycle. E.g.: Test alone Cycle: use Test Enan for less frequent injections; Want to use Test Susp---consider stacking with winny/fina; Stacking with EQ---consider Sust; etc.
4) Don't reinvent the wheel: forget oral versions, don't overdo it or use for too long at a time, & don't try to get around using Test by taking clomid on your cycle or viagra---testosterone is an important hormone for more bodily functions than just making your dick hard & it also has an important effect on your natural HGH/IGF levels.
5) Why Sustanon is so popular: it's flexible and readily available, both in human/vet form. You can take it once, twice, or maybe even 3x's a week (EOD) with not much difference in efficacy (dosage dependent). This does not mean it is necessarily better than any other form of Test, it just can be more flexible. I agree, Test is Test, the ester(s) just help you manage how to use it.
6) Consider using arimidex or proviron with your test cycles, always follow up with clomid.
7) Differences in Test efficacy/H20 retention related to ester are slight if not non-existant.
imprint516
New member
Pimpin..not bad...I never used proviron ..im assuming your a fan of it huh? give me some input b.c ive heard a few times and just never found any interest.
PimpnAintEasy
New member
Here's a decent thread on Proviron: http://www.elitefitness.com/ubb/Archives/Forum1/10-2000/032461.htmlimprint516 said:
I love the Test/EQ or Tren/Dbol combination and using proviron helps me to still enjoy the strength & LBM gains, with much less difficulty with H20 retention & high BP (which I am prone to with Test/Dbol). 25mg/ day throughout or 50mg/day the last 3 weeks (minimum)---sometimes I continue use with the clomid also---really helps me with post cycle gains retention and getting my endo. test back in order. Your estrogen-induced sides (fat, skin problems, boat, ect) will be noticably lower using proviron or arimidex. There seems to be alot of misinformation floating around about Proviron, but personally, after going through cycles with and without, I will continue to use it.
imprint516
New member
Does it help you in perticular keep gains...someone told me it helps them...me Tribulus.dhea..clomids and im good to go...
PimpnAintEasy
New member
Here's an excerpt from "The Gainskeeper Formula" article:imprint516 said:
"Proviron is a synthetic androgen that also acts as an anti-aromatase. When the intake of steroids ceases, the bodies own androgen levels are very low, yet the estrogen levels are still very high. This shifts the androgen to estrogen ratio in favor of the estrogens spelling bad news for the user. Proviron keeps the ratio in favor of the androgens without effecting the natural production of testosterone, thereby adding to spermatogenisis. This double action drug begins to reduce the amount of estrogen in the body by preventing the aromatization of testosterone to estrogen so that possible gyno, water retention and female pattern fat distribution may be avoided. It will also give the body a much harder look."
Here's the entire article: http://www.roid.com/gains.htm
Hungry1:
I look like the jackass! WHY because I don't buy test by price... I was refering to the idiot that buys test by price..... At first it looked like harmonic knew what he was talking about we realized he didn't. I agree that if you strip the ester it's the same. But you can't say that Sust will give the same results as Prop Or that cyp/enanthate will give you the same results as Suspension.
I look like the jackass! WHY because I don't buy test by price... I was refering to the idiot that buys test by price..... At first it looked like harmonic knew what he was talking about we realized he didn't. I agree that if you strip the ester it's the same. But you can't say that Sust will give the same results as Prop Or that cyp/enanthate will give you the same results as Suspension.
Your_Moms_Kneepads
New member
Harmonic. When you post please see to it that your post contains some semblance to CORRECT INFORMATION.harmonic said:
Where in the hell do you come up with "different esters will benefit from different receptors in your body..."??? A receptor is a RECEPTOR let alone having diffenent ones for different testosterone esters.
Posting this crap will make other people who want to learn have to wade thru puddles of shit.
Bootyshaker
New member
Re: Why T200 is better then sus
My friend, this is in no way a flame at all. This is an article from t-mag a week ago that may disagree with you.
Short Esters Are Better Esters
Perhaps the most important thing I learned in reviewing this study is that short-chain esters (steroids of shorter half life) yield a much higher plasma concentration of steroid than steroids of longer side chain esters. In this study, a single 100 mg/ml x 1 ml intragluteal injection of nandrolone phenylpropionate caused a peak plasma concentration of almost double that of the 100 mg/ml x 1 ml intragluteal injection of nandrolone decanoate. This level remained increased for almost seven days, too. By fourteen days, even though the nandrolone decanoate ester demonstrated a much higher plasma level than the nandrolone phenylpropionate level, the net amount of both was so low as to be ineffective.
This tells me that the effects I can see from using 500 mg of Testosterone enanthate per week probably won’t be the same as using 500 mg of Testosterone propionate or even Testosterone suspension per week. I’m going to see better results with the propionate and even better results with the suspension. Sure, I may need to inject the propionate and suspension more often, but in the long run it’ll pay off for me. (Not that I’d use steroids, of course. No sir, not me. They’re illegal!)
gearseeker said:
My friend, this is in no way a flame at all. This is an article from t-mag a week ago that may disagree with you.
Short Esters Are Better Esters
Perhaps the most important thing I learned in reviewing this study is that short-chain esters (steroids of shorter half life) yield a much higher plasma concentration of steroid than steroids of longer side chain esters. In this study, a single 100 mg/ml x 1 ml intragluteal injection of nandrolone phenylpropionate caused a peak plasma concentration of almost double that of the 100 mg/ml x 1 ml intragluteal injection of nandrolone decanoate. This level remained increased for almost seven days, too. By fourteen days, even though the nandrolone decanoate ester demonstrated a much higher plasma level than the nandrolone phenylpropionate level, the net amount of both was so low as to be ineffective.
This tells me that the effects I can see from using 500 mg of Testosterone enanthate per week probably won’t be the same as using 500 mg of Testosterone propionate or even Testosterone suspension per week. I’m going to see better results with the propionate and even better results with the suspension. Sure, I may need to inject the propionate and suspension more often, but in the long run it’ll pay off for me. (Not that I’d use steroids, of course. No sir, not me. They’re illegal!)
Bootyshaker: EXACTLY... This is what i was trying to say. I don't like sust and would use Prop over any other test.. PERIOD... I get better results with it.. So to me there not the same... Who cares if there the same when you strip the ester. Your not gonna do that when you inject it...
EXOCANNIBAL
New member
LMAO, I can't believe someone actually used the '96 WAR as a referance.
gearseeker
New member
thanks booty and enzo
Bootyshaker - A very good response. I actually agree with most of that paragraph you posted(who wrote it?Just curioius - not ripping on the info).
I do think for getting your test level up fast, susp. and prop. would be the sensible choice. I agree that enanthate takes longer to release the test into the bloodstream, BUT, as most agree, the test isnt active until its released by the ester into the bloodstream. At that point it has become simple testosterone - with no fancy ester attached.
My point is, once your about 1-2 weeks into the cyle, its all testosterone. Unless your just trying to jack your test level quick, the enanthate will release slower and allow you to build a higher level of test in your blood. By week four on enanthate 400mg per day I have an enourmous test level (too high to do the math right now). By week four on prop 400mg per day, I would have about 5-600mg of test - not much more then my daily dose.
I am NO scientist or doctor. I believe Im correct about enanthate being more effective then prop based more on a ton of personal experience - not from my (lack of) medical knowledge.
Im still curious if anyone with extensive experience with both types of test thinks prop is the shit. Enzo? Have you used Enanthate? Not ripping, just curious.
Bootyshaker - A very good response. I actually agree with most of that paragraph you posted(who wrote it?Just curioius - not ripping on the info).
I do think for getting your test level up fast, susp. and prop. would be the sensible choice. I agree that enanthate takes longer to release the test into the bloodstream, BUT, as most agree, the test isnt active until its released by the ester into the bloodstream. At that point it has become simple testosterone - with no fancy ester attached.
My point is, once your about 1-2 weeks into the cyle, its all testosterone. Unless your just trying to jack your test level quick, the enanthate will release slower and allow you to build a higher level of test in your blood. By week four on enanthate 400mg per day I have an enourmous test level (too high to do the math right now). By week four on prop 400mg per day, I would have about 5-600mg of test - not much more then my daily dose.
I am NO scientist or doctor. I believe Im correct about enanthate being more effective then prop based more on a ton of personal experience - not from my (lack of) medical knowledge.
Im still curious if anyone with extensive experience with both types of test thinks prop is the shit. Enzo? Have you used Enanthate? Not ripping, just curious.
ThePitbull
New member
can't remember where I got this, but it's not a bad read on this subject. 
One of the most misunderstood subjects in the world of *******s is the ester--the mechanism by which injectable
esterified *******s like testosterone cypionate, testosterone enanthate, and Sustanon work. If you take a quick look
around the Internet you will probably find countless articles that consider one form of a ******* far more effective than
another. Arguments over the superiority of cypionate to enanthate, or Sustanon to all other testosterones are of course
very common. Such arguments are in all practicality, baseless. In this report we'll take an authoritative look at the ester
and what specifically it does to a *******.
WHAT AN ESTER IS, AND HOW IT WORKS
I'm sure that if you have taken an interest in anabolic *******s you have noticed the similarities on the labeling of many
drugs. Let's look at testosterone for example. One can find compounds like testosterone cypionate, enanthate,
propionate, heptylate; caproate,
phenylpropionate, isocaproate, decanoate, acetate, the list goes on and on. In all such cases the parent hormone is
testosterone, which had been modified by adding an ester (enanthate, propionate etc.) to its structure. The following
question arises: What is the
difference between the various esterified versions of testosterone in regards to their use in bodybuilding?
An ester is a chain composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms. This chain is typically attached to the parent
******* hormone at the 17th carbon position (beta orientation), although some compounds do carry esters at position 3
(for the purposes of this article it is not crucial to understand the exact position of the ester). Esterification of an
injectable anabolic/androgenic ******* basically accomplishes one thing, it slows the release of the parent *******
from the site of injection. This happens because the ester will notably lower the water solubility of the *******, and
increase its lipid (fat) solubility. This will cause the drug to form a deposit in the muscle tissue, from which it will slowly
enter into circulation as it
is picked up in small quantities by the blood. Generally, the longer the ester chain, the lower the water solubility of the
compound, and the longer it will take to for the full dosage to reach general circulation.
Slowing the release of the parent ******* is a great benefit in ******* medicine, as free testosterone (or other
******* hormones) previously would remain active in the body for a very short period of time (typically hours). This
would necessitate an unpleasant
daily injection schedule if one wished to maintain a continuous elevation of testosterone
(the goal of testosterone replacement therapy). By adding an ester, the patient can visit the doctor as
infrequently as once per month for his injection, instead of having to constantly re-administer the drug to achieve a
therapeutic effect. Clearly without the use of an ester, therapy with an injectable anabolic/androgen would be much more
difficult.
Esterification temporarily deactivates the ******* molecule. With a chain blocking the 17th beta position, binding to the
androgen receptor is not possible (it can exert no activity in the body). In order for the compound to become active the
ester must therefore first be removed. This automatically occurs once the compound has filtered into blood circulation,
where esterase enzymes quickly cleave off (hydrolyze) the ester chain. This will restore the necessary hydroxyl (OH)
group at the 17th beta position, enabling the drug to attach to
the appropriate receptor. Now and only now will the ******* be able to have an effect on skeletal muscle tissue. You
can start to see why considering testosterone cypionate much more potent than enanthate makes little sense, as your
muscles are seeing only free testosterone no matter what ester was used to deploy it.
ACTIONS OF DIFFERENT ESTERS
There are many different esters that are used with anabolic/androgenic *******s, but again, they all do basically the
same thing. Esters vary only in their ability to reduce a *******'s water solubility. An ester like propionate for example
will slow the release of a ******* for a few days, while the duration will be weeks with a decanoate ester. Esters have
no effect on the tendency for the parent ******* to convert to estrogen or DHT (dihydrotestosterone: a more potent
metabolite) nor will it effect the overall muscle-building potency of the compound. Any differences in results and side
effects that may be noted by bodybuilders who have used various esterified versions of the same base ******* are just
issues of timing. Testosterone
enanthate causes estrogen related problems more readily than Sustanon, simply because with enanthate testosterone
levels will peak and trough much sooner (1-2 week release duration as opposed to 3 or 4). Likewise testosterone
suspension is the worst in regards to gyno and water bloat because blood hormone levels peak so quickly with this drug.
Instead of waiting weeks for testosterone levels to rise to their highest point, here we are at most looking at a couple of
days. Given an equal blood level of testosterone, there would be no difference in the rate of aromatization or DHT
conversion between different
esters. There is simply no mechanism for this to be possible.
There is however one way that we can say an ester does technically effect potency; it is calculated in the *******
weight. The heavier the ester chain, the greater is its percentage of the total weight. In the case of testosterone
enanthate for example, 250mg of esterified ******* (testosterone enanthate) is equal to only 180mg of free
testosterone. 70mgs out of each 250mg injection is the weight of the ester. If we wanted to be really picky, we could
consider enanthate slightly MORE potent than cypionate (I know this goes against
popular thinking) as its ester chain contains one less carbon atom (therefore taking up a slightly smaller percentage of
total weight). Propionate would of course come out on top of the three, releasing a measurable (but not significant)
amount more testosterone per
injection than cypionate or enanthate.
ESTER PROFILES
Sustanon: The "king" of testosterone blends.
The four different testosterone esters in this product certainly look appealing to the consumer, there is no denying that.
But for the athlete I think it is all just a matter of marketing (Hell, why buy one ester when you can get four?). In clinical
situations I can see some strong uses for it. If you were undergoing testosterone replacement therapy for example, you
would probably find Sustanon a much more comfortable option than testosterone enanthate. You would need to visit the
doctor less frequently for an injection, and blood levels should be more steadily maintained between treatments. But for
the bodybuilder who is injecting 4
ampules of Sustanon per week, there is no advantage over other testosterone products. In fact, the high
price tag for Sustanon usually makes it a very poor buy in the face of cheaper testosterone enanthate/cypionate.
Bodybuilders should probably stop looking at the four ester issue, and stick with totals (Sustanon is just a 250mg
testosterone ampule). Were enanthate to be available for say $10 per amp of 250mg, and Sustanon priced nearly double
that, buying
the Sustanon would be like throwing money away. If you could get nearly double the milligram amount for the same price
with enanthate, this is the better product to go with hands down. Leave the high priced stuff for the guys who don't
know any better.
IN CONCLUSION
While the advent of esters certainly constitutes an invaluable advance in the field of anabolic ******* medicine, clearly
you can see that there is no magic involved here. Esters work in a well-understood and predictable manner, and do not
alter the activity of
the parent ******* in any way other than to delay its release. Although the lure surrounding various *******
products like testosterone cypionate, Sustanon, Omnadren etc. certainly makes for interesting conversation, realistically it
just amounts to misinformation that the athlete would be better off ignoring. Testosterone is testosterone and anyone
who is going to tell you one ester form of this (or any) hormone is much better than another one should do a little more
research, and a lot less talking.
Acetate: Chemical Structure C2H4O2.
Also referred to as Acetic Acid; Ethylic acid; Vinegar acid; vinegar; Methanecarboxylic acid. Acetate esters delay the
release of a ******* for only a couple of days. Contrary to what you may have read, acetate esters do not increase the
tendency for fat removal. Again, there is no known mechanism for it to do so. This ester is used on oralprimobolan tablets
(metenolone acetate), Finaplix (trenbolone acetate) implant pellets, and occasionally testosterone.
Propionate: Chemical Structure C3H6O2.
Also referred to as Carboxyethane; hydroacrylic acid; Methylacetic acid; Ethylformic acid; Ethanecarboxylic acid;
metacetonic acid; pseudoacetic acid; Propionic Acid.
Propionate esters will slow the release of a ******* for several days. To keep blood levels from fluctuating greatly,
propionate compounds are usually injected two to three times weekly. Testosterone propionate and methandriol
dipropionate (two separate
propionate esters attached to the parent ******* methandriol) are popular items.
Phenylpropionate: Chemical Structure C9H10O2.
Also referred to as Propionic Acid Phenyl Ester. Phenylpropionate will extend the release of active ******* a few days
longer than propionate. To keep blood levels even, injections are given at least twice weekly. Durabolin is the drug most
commonly seen
with a phenylpropionate ester (nandrolone phenylpropionate), although it is also used
with testosterone in Sustanon and Omnadren.
Isocarpoate: Chemical Structure C6H12O2.
Also referred to as Isocaproic Acid; isohexanoate; 4-methylvaleric acid. Isocaproate begins to near enanthate in terms of
release. The duration is still shorter, with a notable hormone level being sustained for approximately one week. This
ester is used with testosterone in the blended products Sustanon and Omnadren.
Caproate: Chemical Structure C6H12O2.
Also referred to as Hexanoic acid; hexanoate; n-Caproic Acid; n-Hexoic acid; butylacetic acid; pentiformic acid;
pentylformic acid; n-hexylic acid; 1-pentanecarboxylic acid;hexoic acid; 1-hexanoic acid; Hexylic acid; Caproic acid. This
ester is identical to isocarpoate in terms
of atom count and weight, but is laid out slightly different (Isocaproate has a split configuration, difficult to explain here
but easy to see on paper). Release duration would be very similar to isocaproate (levels sustained for approximately one
weak), perhaps coming slightly closer to enanthate due to its straight chain. Caproate is the slowest releasing ester used
in
Omnadren, which is why most athletes notice more water retention with this compound.
Enanthate: Chemical Structure C7H14O2.
Also referred to as heptanoic acid; enanthic acid; enanthylic acid; heptylic acid; heptoic acid; Oenanthylic acid; Oenanthic
acid. Enanthate is one of the most prominent esters used in ******* manufacture (most commonly seen with
testosterone but is also used
in other compounds like Primobolan Depot). Enanthate will release a steady (yet fluctuating as all esters are) level of
hormone for approximately 10-14 days. Although in medicine enanthate compounds are often injected on a bi-weekly or
monthly basis, athletes will inject at least weekly to help maintain a uniform blood level.
Cypionate: Chemical Structure C8H14O2.
Also referred to as Cyclopentylpropionic acid, cyclopentylpropionate. Cypionate is a very popular ester here in the U.S.,
although it is scarcely found outside this region. Its release duration is almost identical to enanthate (10-14 days), and
the two are likewise
thought to be interchangeable in U.S. medicine. Althletes commonly hold the belief than cypionate is more powerful than
enanthate, although realistically there is little difference between the two. The enanthate ester is in fact slightly smaller
than cypionate, and it therefore releases a small (perhaps a few milligrams) amount of ******* more in comparison.
Decanoate: Chemical Structure C10H20O2.
Also referred to as decanoic acid; capric acid; caprinic acid; decylic acid, Nonanecarboxylic acid. The Decanoate ester is
most commonly used with the hormone nandrolone (as in Deca-Durabolin) and is found in virtually all corners of the
world. Testosterone decanoate is also the longest acting constituent in Sustanon, greatly extending its release duration.
The
release time with Decanoate compounds is listed to be as long as one month, although most recently we are finding that
levels seem to drop significantly after two weeks. To keep blood levels more uniform, athletes (as they have always
known to do) will follow a weekly injection schedule.
Undecylenate: Chemical Structure C11H20O2.
Also referred to as Undecylenic acid; Hendecenoic acid; Undecenoic acid. This ester is very similar to decanoate,
containing only one carbon atom more. Its release duration is likewise very similar (approximately 2-3 weeks), perhaps
extending a day or so past that
seen with decanoate. Undecylenate seems to be exclusive to the veterinary preparation Equipoise
(boldenone undecylenate), although there is no reason it would not work well in human-use preparations (Equipoise
certainly works fine for athletes). Again, weekly injections are most common.
Undecanoate: Chemical Structure C11H22O2.
Also referred to as Undecanoic Acid; 1-Decanecarboxylic acid; Hendecanoic acid;Undecylic acid. Undecanoate is not a
commonly found ester, and only appears to be used in the nandrolone preparation Dynabolan, and oral testosterone
undecanoate (Andriol). Since this ester is chemically very similar to undecylenate (it is only 2 hydrogen atoms larger), it
has a similar release duration (approximately 2-3 weeks). Although this ester is used in the oral preparation Andriol,
there is no reason to believe it carries any properties unique of other
esters. Andriol in fact works very poorly at delivering testosterone, bolstering the idea that oral administration is not the
idea use of esterified androgens.
Laurate: Chemical structure C12H24O2.
Also referred to as Dodecanoic acid, laurostearic acid, duodecyclic acid, 1-undecanecarboxylic acid, and dodecoic acid.
Laurate is the longest releasing ester
used in commercial ******* production, although longer acting esters do exist. Its release duration would be closer to
one month than the other esters listed above, although realistically we are probably to
expect a notable drop in hormone level after the third week. Laurate is exclusively found in the veterinary nandrolone
preparation Laurabolin, perhaps seen as slightly advantageous over a decanoate ester due to a less frequent injection
schedule. Again athletes will most commonly inject this drug weekly, no doubt in part due to its low strength (25mg/ml or
50mg/ml).
One of the most misunderstood subjects in the world of *******s is the ester--the mechanism by which injectable
esterified *******s like testosterone cypionate, testosterone enanthate, and Sustanon work. If you take a quick look
around the Internet you will probably find countless articles that consider one form of a ******* far more effective than
another. Arguments over the superiority of cypionate to enanthate, or Sustanon to all other testosterones are of course
very common. Such arguments are in all practicality, baseless. In this report we'll take an authoritative look at the ester
and what specifically it does to a *******.
WHAT AN ESTER IS, AND HOW IT WORKS
I'm sure that if you have taken an interest in anabolic *******s you have noticed the similarities on the labeling of many
drugs. Let's look at testosterone for example. One can find compounds like testosterone cypionate, enanthate,
propionate, heptylate; caproate,
phenylpropionate, isocaproate, decanoate, acetate, the list goes on and on. In all such cases the parent hormone is
testosterone, which had been modified by adding an ester (enanthate, propionate etc.) to its structure. The following
question arises: What is the
difference between the various esterified versions of testosterone in regards to their use in bodybuilding?
An ester is a chain composed primarily of carbon and hydrogen atoms. This chain is typically attached to the parent
******* hormone at the 17th carbon position (beta orientation), although some compounds do carry esters at position 3
(for the purposes of this article it is not crucial to understand the exact position of the ester). Esterification of an
injectable anabolic/androgenic ******* basically accomplishes one thing, it slows the release of the parent *******
from the site of injection. This happens because the ester will notably lower the water solubility of the *******, and
increase its lipid (fat) solubility. This will cause the drug to form a deposit in the muscle tissue, from which it will slowly
enter into circulation as it
is picked up in small quantities by the blood. Generally, the longer the ester chain, the lower the water solubility of the
compound, and the longer it will take to for the full dosage to reach general circulation.
Slowing the release of the parent ******* is a great benefit in ******* medicine, as free testosterone (or other
******* hormones) previously would remain active in the body for a very short period of time (typically hours). This
would necessitate an unpleasant
daily injection schedule if one wished to maintain a continuous elevation of testosterone
(the goal of testosterone replacement therapy). By adding an ester, the patient can visit the doctor as
infrequently as once per month for his injection, instead of having to constantly re-administer the drug to achieve a
therapeutic effect. Clearly without the use of an ester, therapy with an injectable anabolic/androgen would be much more
difficult.
Esterification temporarily deactivates the ******* molecule. With a chain blocking the 17th beta position, binding to the
androgen receptor is not possible (it can exert no activity in the body). In order for the compound to become active the
ester must therefore first be removed. This automatically occurs once the compound has filtered into blood circulation,
where esterase enzymes quickly cleave off (hydrolyze) the ester chain. This will restore the necessary hydroxyl (OH)
group at the 17th beta position, enabling the drug to attach to
the appropriate receptor. Now and only now will the ******* be able to have an effect on skeletal muscle tissue. You
can start to see why considering testosterone cypionate much more potent than enanthate makes little sense, as your
muscles are seeing only free testosterone no matter what ester was used to deploy it.
ACTIONS OF DIFFERENT ESTERS
There are many different esters that are used with anabolic/androgenic *******s, but again, they all do basically the
same thing. Esters vary only in their ability to reduce a *******'s water solubility. An ester like propionate for example
will slow the release of a ******* for a few days, while the duration will be weeks with a decanoate ester. Esters have
no effect on the tendency for the parent ******* to convert to estrogen or DHT (dihydrotestosterone: a more potent
metabolite) nor will it effect the overall muscle-building potency of the compound. Any differences in results and side
effects that may be noted by bodybuilders who have used various esterified versions of the same base ******* are just
issues of timing. Testosterone
enanthate causes estrogen related problems more readily than Sustanon, simply because with enanthate testosterone
levels will peak and trough much sooner (1-2 week release duration as opposed to 3 or 4). Likewise testosterone
suspension is the worst in regards to gyno and water bloat because blood hormone levels peak so quickly with this drug.
Instead of waiting weeks for testosterone levels to rise to their highest point, here we are at most looking at a couple of
days. Given an equal blood level of testosterone, there would be no difference in the rate of aromatization or DHT
conversion between different
esters. There is simply no mechanism for this to be possible.
There is however one way that we can say an ester does technically effect potency; it is calculated in the *******
weight. The heavier the ester chain, the greater is its percentage of the total weight. In the case of testosterone
enanthate for example, 250mg of esterified ******* (testosterone enanthate) is equal to only 180mg of free
testosterone. 70mgs out of each 250mg injection is the weight of the ester. If we wanted to be really picky, we could
consider enanthate slightly MORE potent than cypionate (I know this goes against
popular thinking) as its ester chain contains one less carbon atom (therefore taking up a slightly smaller percentage of
total weight). Propionate would of course come out on top of the three, releasing a measurable (but not significant)
amount more testosterone per
injection than cypionate or enanthate.
ESTER PROFILES
Sustanon: The "king" of testosterone blends.
The four different testosterone esters in this product certainly look appealing to the consumer, there is no denying that.
But for the athlete I think it is all just a matter of marketing (Hell, why buy one ester when you can get four?). In clinical
situations I can see some strong uses for it. If you were undergoing testosterone replacement therapy for example, you
would probably find Sustanon a much more comfortable option than testosterone enanthate. You would need to visit the
doctor less frequently for an injection, and blood levels should be more steadily maintained between treatments. But for
the bodybuilder who is injecting 4
ampules of Sustanon per week, there is no advantage over other testosterone products. In fact, the high
price tag for Sustanon usually makes it a very poor buy in the face of cheaper testosterone enanthate/cypionate.
Bodybuilders should probably stop looking at the four ester issue, and stick with totals (Sustanon is just a 250mg
testosterone ampule). Were enanthate to be available for say $10 per amp of 250mg, and Sustanon priced nearly double
that, buying
the Sustanon would be like throwing money away. If you could get nearly double the milligram amount for the same price
with enanthate, this is the better product to go with hands down. Leave the high priced stuff for the guys who don't
know any better.
IN CONCLUSION
While the advent of esters certainly constitutes an invaluable advance in the field of anabolic ******* medicine, clearly
you can see that there is no magic involved here. Esters work in a well-understood and predictable manner, and do not
alter the activity of
the parent ******* in any way other than to delay its release. Although the lure surrounding various *******
products like testosterone cypionate, Sustanon, Omnadren etc. certainly makes for interesting conversation, realistically it
just amounts to misinformation that the athlete would be better off ignoring. Testosterone is testosterone and anyone
who is going to tell you one ester form of this (or any) hormone is much better than another one should do a little more
research, and a lot less talking.
Acetate: Chemical Structure C2H4O2.
Also referred to as Acetic Acid; Ethylic acid; Vinegar acid; vinegar; Methanecarboxylic acid. Acetate esters delay the
release of a ******* for only a couple of days. Contrary to what you may have read, acetate esters do not increase the
tendency for fat removal. Again, there is no known mechanism for it to do so. This ester is used on oralprimobolan tablets
(metenolone acetate), Finaplix (trenbolone acetate) implant pellets, and occasionally testosterone.
Propionate: Chemical Structure C3H6O2.
Also referred to as Carboxyethane; hydroacrylic acid; Methylacetic acid; Ethylformic acid; Ethanecarboxylic acid;
metacetonic acid; pseudoacetic acid; Propionic Acid.
Propionate esters will slow the release of a ******* for several days. To keep blood levels from fluctuating greatly,
propionate compounds are usually injected two to three times weekly. Testosterone propionate and methandriol
dipropionate (two separate
propionate esters attached to the parent ******* methandriol) are popular items.
Phenylpropionate: Chemical Structure C9H10O2.
Also referred to as Propionic Acid Phenyl Ester. Phenylpropionate will extend the release of active ******* a few days
longer than propionate. To keep blood levels even, injections are given at least twice weekly. Durabolin is the drug most
commonly seen
with a phenylpropionate ester (nandrolone phenylpropionate), although it is also used
with testosterone in Sustanon and Omnadren.
Isocarpoate: Chemical Structure C6H12O2.
Also referred to as Isocaproic Acid; isohexanoate; 4-methylvaleric acid. Isocaproate begins to near enanthate in terms of
release. The duration is still shorter, with a notable hormone level being sustained for approximately one week. This
ester is used with testosterone in the blended products Sustanon and Omnadren.
Caproate: Chemical Structure C6H12O2.
Also referred to as Hexanoic acid; hexanoate; n-Caproic Acid; n-Hexoic acid; butylacetic acid; pentiformic acid;
pentylformic acid; n-hexylic acid; 1-pentanecarboxylic acid;hexoic acid; 1-hexanoic acid; Hexylic acid; Caproic acid. This
ester is identical to isocarpoate in terms
of atom count and weight, but is laid out slightly different (Isocaproate has a split configuration, difficult to explain here
but easy to see on paper). Release duration would be very similar to isocaproate (levels sustained for approximately one
weak), perhaps coming slightly closer to enanthate due to its straight chain. Caproate is the slowest releasing ester used
in
Omnadren, which is why most athletes notice more water retention with this compound.
Enanthate: Chemical Structure C7H14O2.
Also referred to as heptanoic acid; enanthic acid; enanthylic acid; heptylic acid; heptoic acid; Oenanthylic acid; Oenanthic
acid. Enanthate is one of the most prominent esters used in ******* manufacture (most commonly seen with
testosterone but is also used
in other compounds like Primobolan Depot). Enanthate will release a steady (yet fluctuating as all esters are) level of
hormone for approximately 10-14 days. Although in medicine enanthate compounds are often injected on a bi-weekly or
monthly basis, athletes will inject at least weekly to help maintain a uniform blood level.
Cypionate: Chemical Structure C8H14O2.
Also referred to as Cyclopentylpropionic acid, cyclopentylpropionate. Cypionate is a very popular ester here in the U.S.,
although it is scarcely found outside this region. Its release duration is almost identical to enanthate (10-14 days), and
the two are likewise
thought to be interchangeable in U.S. medicine. Althletes commonly hold the belief than cypionate is more powerful than
enanthate, although realistically there is little difference between the two. The enanthate ester is in fact slightly smaller
than cypionate, and it therefore releases a small (perhaps a few milligrams) amount of ******* more in comparison.
Decanoate: Chemical Structure C10H20O2.
Also referred to as decanoic acid; capric acid; caprinic acid; decylic acid, Nonanecarboxylic acid. The Decanoate ester is
most commonly used with the hormone nandrolone (as in Deca-Durabolin) and is found in virtually all corners of the
world. Testosterone decanoate is also the longest acting constituent in Sustanon, greatly extending its release duration.
The
release time with Decanoate compounds is listed to be as long as one month, although most recently we are finding that
levels seem to drop significantly after two weeks. To keep blood levels more uniform, athletes (as they have always
known to do) will follow a weekly injection schedule.
Undecylenate: Chemical Structure C11H20O2.
Also referred to as Undecylenic acid; Hendecenoic acid; Undecenoic acid. This ester is very similar to decanoate,
containing only one carbon atom more. Its release duration is likewise very similar (approximately 2-3 weeks), perhaps
extending a day or so past that
seen with decanoate. Undecylenate seems to be exclusive to the veterinary preparation Equipoise
(boldenone undecylenate), although there is no reason it would not work well in human-use preparations (Equipoise
certainly works fine for athletes). Again, weekly injections are most common.
Undecanoate: Chemical Structure C11H22O2.
Also referred to as Undecanoic Acid; 1-Decanecarboxylic acid; Hendecanoic acid;Undecylic acid. Undecanoate is not a
commonly found ester, and only appears to be used in the nandrolone preparation Dynabolan, and oral testosterone
undecanoate (Andriol). Since this ester is chemically very similar to undecylenate (it is only 2 hydrogen atoms larger), it
has a similar release duration (approximately 2-3 weeks). Although this ester is used in the oral preparation Andriol,
there is no reason to believe it carries any properties unique of other
esters. Andriol in fact works very poorly at delivering testosterone, bolstering the idea that oral administration is not the
idea use of esterified androgens.
Laurate: Chemical structure C12H24O2.
Also referred to as Dodecanoic acid, laurostearic acid, duodecyclic acid, 1-undecanecarboxylic acid, and dodecoic acid.
Laurate is the longest releasing ester
used in commercial ******* production, although longer acting esters do exist. Its release duration would be closer to
one month than the other esters listed above, although realistically we are probably to
expect a notable drop in hormone level after the third week. Laurate is exclusively found in the veterinary nandrolone
preparation Laurabolin, perhaps seen as slightly advantageous over a decanoate ester due to a less frequent injection
schedule. Again athletes will most commonly inject this drug weekly, no doubt in part due to its low strength (25mg/ml or
50mg/ml).
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