I've been eating shitloads of protein for years, and my kidneys are doing perfectly fine. If you already have kidney problems, too much protein might be dangerous, but protein itself will rarely cause kidney problems. There are no studies correlating high protein intake with kidney problems, as far as I know.
Your body can absorb as much protein as you put into your body. Some of it might be expelled through your urine and in other ways, but most of it is absorbed. If you eat 100g of protein in one meal, it will simply sit in your intestines while it is slowly being absorbed, whether it takes one hour or three. It's not like there's a magical number after which your body suddenly says: 'Oh no! We have too much protein in this meal! Let's magically get rid of some.'