that's the 20million dollar question. In the science literature GH, IGF or insulin alone do nothing for skeletal muscle mass different than placebo. Bodybuilders respond by saying that these compounds don't work alone, but that GH only works with AAS and the same for IGF. One study of GH+AAS was negative in healthy athletes for any benefit over AAS alone (Yereshevsky's famous paper). IGF+AAS hasn't been studied. It would seem so far that GH alone, IGF alone, insulin alone, and GH+AAS (all 4) do not add mass, just cut some fat.
Bodybuilders now say that the original studies were too short (2months) and you need 4 months to see an effect. Also, they say you need inuslin to make GH+AAS work to build mass. So for every negative study bodybuilders have an excuse. They also say the doses are too low (usu 2-4U GH and 500 test in these studies) and that good results need double those doses.
Now, it would seem to me that if 4 months produced an effect, 2 months should see some measurable effect if there is a steady increase in the growth rate. Also, half doses should also show maybe roughly half an effect. This is usually how drugs work. Also, test, deca, primo, tren, dbol, winny, anavar, and anadrol all have clearly measurable anabolic effects even at 2 weeks. The basics are clearly anabolic, without any doubt. So as I see it, GH and insulin have no clear anabolic effect and bodybuilders refuse to admit we were had by hype.
The theory on GH is real good. So why doesn't it work? The most likely reason would be that IGF increase with GH is not reliable, pulsed right, etc. So IGF seems like it should be more successful. But there are no human trials of IGF at this time.
Bodybuilders will tell you GH helped them. But most guys are taking several injectables and some orals, and its impossible to isolate the GH as a factor. Furthermore, even on GH alone cycles, most bodybuilders do not take accurate pre- and post- cycle bodyweights, with hydrostatic BF (weighed in a water tank) before and after. Also, gut and connective tissue growth are seen with GH, and it's still fat free mass, but that doesn't mean it's skeletal muscle. You need MRI or CT for that. I have never met an amateur bodybuilder who did GH only, pre and post cycle weights and hydrostatic BFs, and pre and post cycle quantitative MRI. Also, GH has a euphoria with it, why it's used in resistant adult depressions or GHD depression. So people burn fat, have better skin, feel happy, and that prevents them from being very logical or scientific about GH at that point.
I have tried to get real world data from bodybuilders on AAS, GH, insulin, and IGF for a year. But all you get is vague, "I liked it" bullshit. No numbers.
That is my summary of what I know about the science, research, and real-world aspects of GH, IGF, and insulin.
Great thread. I hope it doesn't die in 2 posts, and I hope someone says something meaningful about GH and AAS in particular.