BONUS QUESTION!!!! Worth 2 points!!!

WHAT IS AN IU?

These are the rules,

1. You have until MONDAY THE 18TH OF DECEMBER AT 10PM EST to answer below then the thread will be closed!
2. Do not comment on others answers! Any posts asking for the answers or talking about the answers before the end of the contest will be deleted, and you will no longer be eligable for the prize.
3. You may use any source of information at your disposal except for publicly asking for the answers, and don't try on other boards, those posts will be deleted as well!! The mods have mod friends as well!!
4. Mods are exempt from the contest LOL!!!
5. The winner will receive 100 free dbol!!! The winner will be chosen at random from all of the people who submit 25 correct answers.
6. The highest score possible is 25!
7. Do not post useless replies in this thread, they will be deleted!

This has been a joint venture brought to you by the single mind shared by Ranger and E2!

1. oxtmethelone

2. Japan

3. Armidex

4. Yes

5. nandralone decanoate

6. True

7. C11H20O2

8. one carbon atom

9. Esiclene

10. 20mg

11. suspension

12. C10H20O2

13. arginine, glycine, methionine

14. 12.2 mg

15. passiflora coerulea

16. adenosine triphosphate

17. silybum marianus

18. krebbs cycle

19. food

20. eliminates estrogen by way of being a non-competative anti-e.

21. testosterone/estradiaol binding globulin

22. gonadotropin (to stimulate LH and FSH)

23. carbon

24. helps convert adenosine di-phosphate to adenosine triphosphate.

25. equipoise (or boldenone undecylenate)

Bonus: International Unit

Well, that was my best shot....

IF YOU READ THE RULES IT SAYS THE WINNER WILL BE RANDOMLY CHOSEN FROM A POOL OF THOSE WHO HAVE ALL 25 ANSWERS CORRECT, THAT'S ASSUMING A FEW PEOPLE GET THEM ALL CORRECT, IF NOT THE THE PERSON WITH THE HIGHEST SCORE WINS!! - E2

Anadren

2. Vasorome is 2mg Anavar tabs manufactured by what country

Kowa, Japan

3. Anastrozole is the chemical name for what

Arimidex

4. Is there a Veterinary grade Clenbuterol? Yes/No

Yes

5. Ziremilon 50mg is what Steroid

Deca-Durabolin

6. True/False Denistenil is a close derivative of DHT?

True

7. What is the Chemical structure for Undecylenate?

Chemical Structure C11H20O2

8. The ester chain of Undecylenate seperates which 2 identical steroids?

Equipoise, Decanoate

9. Formebolone is what?

Esiclene

10. How many mg�s of Trenbolone is in each pellet of Finaplix-H?

20 mg

11. Testosterone-Aqueous is what steroid?

Testolin

12. What is the chemical structure of Decanoate?

Chemical Structure C10H20O2

13. Creatine can be found naturally in red meat, but is also formed in the liver from what three Amino Acids?

Arginine, Glycine and Methionine

14. How many mg�s per patch does Androderm contain?

12.2 mg of testosterone

15. Chrysin is extracted from what plant?

Passiflora coerulea

16. ATP stands for what? And what is it's use in the body?

adenosine triphosphate -- The working muscles used during short-term, high intensity exercise demand tremendous, immediate energy. The energy consumed by muscles is primarily adenosine triphosphate (ATP). During high intensity exercise, the demand in working muscles for ATP increases several hundredfold as compared to muscles at rest. ATP is stored only in limited supplies in muscle cells, however; maintaining peak performance requires these levels to be replenished constantly.*

Creatine phosphate acts as the primary resupplier of ATP levels for high intensity efforts lasting up to and around 25 seconds.
Up to 95% of the body's total creatine content is stored in skeletal muscle, 60% of which is stored in the form of creatine phosphate. During muscle contractions ATP is hydrolysed to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Creatine phosphate regenerates ATP levels by breaking down and lending the phosphate (1). Due to the important role creatine plays in recharging ATP levels, researchers and athletes are focusing on how they can raise levels of creatine in the body.

17. Silymarin(Milk Thistle) is the extract from the seeds of what plant?

Silybum marianum

18. What process does DNP Inhibit?

DNP interferes with the protein complex ATP synthase, which allows for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate). Since DNP interferes with a key step in ATP production, obviously ATP levels never elevate within any cell, including pancreatic beta cells. Hence, the feedback system through the KATP channels (at least in regards to insulin release), is disabled, and you effectively make yourself a diabetic while on DNP.

19. The single most anabolic thing a bodybuilder uses is

Insulin

20. How will taking arimidex help to increase gains?

Eliminate tha estrogen and stop aromatization

21. What is TeBG, and what is it's function in the human body?

Once secreted into the blood, estrogens share with androgens, particularly testosterone, a binding globulin (testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin, TeBG), which transports them to target tissues.

22. Under the influence of what chemical(s) will your testes produce testosterone?

Chemical signals from two glands in the brain � the pituitary and hypothalamus � tell the testes how much testosterone to produce.

The hypothalamus controls hormone production in the pituitary gland by means of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). This hormone tells the pituitary gland to make follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH orders the testes to produce testosterone. If the testes begin producing too much testosterone, the brain sends signals to the pituitary to make less LH. This, in turn, slows the production of testosterone. If the testes begin producing too little testosterone, the brain sends signals to the pituitary gland telling it to make more LH, which causes the testes to make more testosterone.

23. What chemical is the foundation (1st chemical in the creation cycles) of most hormones in the body?

Carbon

24. How does creatine work?

Muscular contraction is powered by the breakdown of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to ADP (adenosine diphosphate). When all the ATP is broken down, creatine phosphate in the muscle donates a phosphate group to ADP, and further energy reactions can occur. Creatine monohydrate is a precursor to creatine phosphate. By supplementing with CM, CP levels in muscle apparently are maximized, and more muscular work can occur, since there are greater energy reserves to use.

25. What is this?

Equipoise

BONUS ?: international unit

yo I want my stars bitch if i get this shyt down ... aight?

HEH HEH HEH ... Moderatuh's gonna be jacked tha fucc up !!!

------------------
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

:::bitch betta have mah money:::

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

like so...

B. If one question is wrong, and or mis-spelled the whole thing is worthless.

C. Would you trust the answers of someone you didn't know because it is posted.

D. This is the very reason we say SEARCH!!! Some of us Mods are VERY big, and alot have done more juice in a week than most do in a cycle....RESEARCH!!

E. It's up to you.....heh heh heh...BUT, with what's on the line, and some questions being very tricky...I personally wouldn't take chances!!!!!!

2. Vasorome is 2mg Anavar tabs manufactured by what country________________?
Kowa, Japan

3. Anastrozole is the chemical name for what________________?
Arimidex, From Zeneca

4. Is there a Veterinary grade Clenbuterol? Yes/No
Yes, Ventpulimin 16mcg/gr. made by Richter.

5. Ziremilon 50mg is what Steroid________________________?
Deca Durabolin

6. True/False Denistenil is a close derivative of DHT?
Denistenil. 100mg/cc 1cc/ampule This injectable steroid is a close derivative of
Dihydrotestosterone(DHT)

7. What is the Chemical structure for Undecylenate__________?
Undecylenate: Chemical Structure C11H20O2. (I was a biochem major in the day), now just a purveyor of fine and rare oils. . .LOL

8. The ester chain of Undecylenate seperates which 2 identical steroids______?
Not quite sure what your looking for here: Undecylenate: Chemical Structure C11H20O2.
Also referred to as Undecylenic acid; Hendecenoic acid; Undecenoic acid. This ester is very similar to decanoate, containing only one carbon atom more. Its release duration is likewise very similar (approximately 2-3 weeks), perhaps extending a day or so past that seen with decanoate. Undecylenate seems to be exclusive to the veterinary preparation Equipoise (boldenone undecylenate), although there is no reason it would not work well in human-use preparations (Equipoise certainly works fine for athletes). Again, weekly injections are most common. (EQ and DECA)

9. Formebolone is what_________?Formebolone (Esiclene, Hubernol):

10. How many mg�s of Trenbolone is in each pellet of Finaplix-H________?
200mg of trenbolone acetate per Finaplix implant. or 20mg/pellet.

11. Testosterone-Aqueous is what steroid__________?
Testosterone Suspension.

12. What is the chemical structure of Decanoate________?
Decanoate: Chemical Structure C10H20O2.

13. Creatine can be found naturally in red meat, but is also formed in the liver from what three Amino Acids____________________?
arginine, glycine, and methionine

14. How many mg�s per patch does Androderm contain_______?
Each patch contains 12.2 gm of testosterone, but according to the paperwork only about 2.5 mg is dispersed in each 24-hour application

15. Chrysin is extracted from what plant_________________?
Passiflora Caerulia --Family: Passifloraceae (passion flower family) Common Names:
blue passionflower, hardy passionflower, deciduous passionflower.

16. ATP stands for what? And what is it's use in the body?
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
.

Introduction
In order to function, every machine requires specific parts such as the screws, springs, cams, gears, and pulleys. Likewise, all biological machines must have many well-engineered parts to work. Examples include units called organs such as the liver, kidney, and heart. These complex life units are made from still smaller parts called cells which in turn are constructed from yet smaller machines known as organelles. Cell organelles include mitochondria, Golgi complexes, microtubules, and centrioles. Even below this level are other parts so small that they are formally classified as macromolecules (large molecules).
A critically important macromolecule�arguably �second in importance only to DNA��is ATP. ATP is a complex nanomachine that serves as the primary energy currency of the cell (Trefil, 1992, p.93). A nanomachine is a complex precision microscopic-sized machine that fits the standard definition of a machine. ATP is the �most widely distributed high-energy compound within the human body� (Ritter, 1996, p. 301). This ubiquitous molecule is �used to build complex molecules, contract muscles, generate electricity in nerves, and light fireflies. All fuel sources of Nature, all foodstuffs of living things, produce ATP, which in turn powers virtually every activity of the cell and organism. Imagine the metabolic confusion if this were not so: Each of the diverse foodstuffs would generate different energy currencies and each of the great variety of cellular functions would have to trade in its unique currency� (Kornberg, 1989, p. 62).
ATP is an abbreviation for adenosine triphosphate, a complex molecule that contains the nucleoside adenosine and a tail consisting of three phosphates. (See Figure 1 for a simple structural formula and a space filled model of ATP.) As far as known, all organisms from the simplest bacteria to humans use ATP as their primary energy currency. The energy level it carries is just the right amount for most biological reactions. Nutrients contain energy in low-energy covalent bonds which are not very useful to do most of kinds of work in the cells.


Figure 1. Views of ATP and related structures.
These low energy bonds must be translated to high energy bonds, and this is a role of ATP. A steady supply of ATP is so critical that a poison which attacks any of the proteins used in ATP production kills the organism in minutes. Certain cyanide compounds, for example, are poisonous because they bind to the copper atom in cytochrome oxidase. This binding blocks the electron transport system in the mitochondria where ATP manufacture occurs (Goodsell, 1996, p.74).

How ATP Transfers Energy
Energy is usually liberated from the ATP molecule to do work in the cell by a reaction that removes one of the phosphate-oxygen groups, leaving adenosine diphosphate (ADP). When the ATP converts to ADP, the ATP is said to be spent. Then the ADP is usually immediately recycled in the mitochondria where it is recharged and comes out again as ATP. In the words of Trefil (1992, p. 93) �hooking and unhooking that last phosphate [on ATP] is what keeps the whole world operating.�
The enormous amount of activity that occurs inside each of the approximately one hundred trillion human cells is shown by the fact that at any instant each cell contains about one billion ATP molecules. This amount is sufficient for that cell�s needs for only a few minutes and must be rapidly recycled. Given a hundred trillion cells in the average male, about 1023 or one sextillion ATP molecules normally exist in the body. For each ATP �the terminal phosphate is added and removed 3 times each minute� (Kornberg, 1989, p. 65).
The total human body content of ATP is only about 50 grams, which must be constantly recycled every day. The ultimate source of energy for constructing ATP is food; ATP is simply the carrier and regulation-storage unit of energy. The average daily intake of 2,500 food calories translates into a turnover of a whopping 180 kg (400 lbs) of ATP (Kornberg, 1989, p. 65).

The Structure of ATP
ATP contains the purine base adenine and the sugar ribose which together form the nucleoside adenosine. The basic building blocks used to construct ATP are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus which are assembled in a complex that contains the number of subatomic parts equivalent to over 500 hydrogen atoms. One phosphate ester bond and two phosphate anhydride bonds hold the three phosphates (PO4) and the ribose together. The construction also contains a b-N glycoside bond holding the ribose and the adenine together.
Phosphates are well-known high-energy molecules, meaning that comparatively high levels of energy are released when the phosphate groups are removed. Actually, the high energy content is not the result of simply the phosphate bond but the total interaction of all the atoms within the ATP molecule.
Because the amount of energy released when the phosphate bond is broken is very close to that needed by the typical biological reaction, little energy is wasted. Generally, ATP is connected to another reaction�a process called coupling which means the two reactions occur at the same time and at the same place, usually utilizing the same enzyme complex. Release of phosphate from ATP is exothermic (a reaction that gives off heat) and the reaction it is connected to is endothermic (requires energy input in order to occur). The terminal phosphate group is then transferred by hydrolysis to another compound, a process called phosphorylation, producing ADP, phosphate (Pi) and energy.

Figure 2. The two-dimensional stick model of adenosine phosphate family of molecules, showing the atom and bond arrangement.

The self-regulation system of ATP has been described as follows:
The high-energy bonds of ATP are actually rather unstable bonds. Because they are unstable, the energy of ATP is readily released when ATP is hydrolyzed in cellular reactions. Note that ATP is an energy-coupling agent and not a fuel. It is not a storehouse of energy set aside for some future need. Rather it is produced by one set of reactions and is almost immediately consumed by another. ATP is formed as it is needed, primarily by oxidative processes in the mitochondria. Oxygen is not consumed unless ADP and a phosphate molecule are available, and these do not become available until ATP is hydrolyzed by some energy-consuming process. Energy metabolism is therefore mostly self-regulating (Hickman, Roberts, and Larson, 1997, p.43). [Italics mine]
ATP is not excessively unstable, but it is designed so that its hydrolysis is slow in the absence of a catalyst. This insures that its stored energy is �released only in the presence of the appropriate enzyme� (McMurry and Castellion, 1996, p. 601).

The Function of ATP
The ATP is used for many cell functions including transport work moving substances across cell membranes. It is also used for mechanical work, supplying the energy needed for muscle contraction. It supplies energy not only to heart muscle (for blood circulation) and skeletal muscle (such as for gross body movement), but also to the chromosomes and flagella to enable them to carry out their many functions. A major role of ATP is in chemical work, supplying the needed energy to synthesize the multi-thousands of types of macromolecules that the cell needs to exist.
ATP is also used as an on-off switch both to control chemical reactions and to send messages. The shape of the protein chains that produce the building blocks and other structures used in life is mostly determined by weak chemical bonds that are easily broken and remade. These chains can shorten, lengthen, and change shape in response to the input or withdrawal of energy. The changes in the chains alter the shape of the protein and can also alter its function or cause it to become either active or inactive.
The ATP molecule can bond to one part of a protein molecule, causing another part of the same molecule to slide or move slightly which causes it to change its conformation, inactivating the molecule. Subsequent removal of ATP causes the protein to return to its original shape, and thus it is again functional. The cycle can be repeated until the molecule is recycled, effectively serving as an on and off switch (Hoagland and Dodson, 1995, p.104). Both adding a phosphorus (phosphorylation) and removing a phosphorus from a protein (dephosphorylation) can serve as either an on or an off switch.

How is ATP Produced?
ATP is manufactured as a result of several cell processes including fermentation, respiration and photosynthesis. Most commonly the cells use ADP as a precursor molecule and then add a phosphorus to it. In eukaryotes this can occur either in the soluble portion of the cytoplasm (cytosol) or in special energy-producing structures called mitochondria. Charging ADP to form ATP in the mitochondria is called chemiosmotic phosphorylation. This process occurs in specially constructed chambers located in the mitochondrion�s inner membranes.



Figure 3. An Outline of the ATP-synthase macro-molecule showing its subunits and nanomachine traits. ATP-synthase converts ADP into ATP, a process called charging. Shown behind ATP-synthase is the membrane in which the ATP-synthase is mounted. For the ATP that is charged in the mitochondria, ATP-synthase is located in the inner membrane.

The mitochondrion itself functions to produce an electrical chemical gradient�somewhat like a battery�by accumulating hydrogen ions in the space between the inner and outer membrane. This energy comes from the estimated 10,000 enzyme chains in the membranous sacks on the mitochondrial walls. Most of the food energy for most organisms is produced by the electron transport chain. Cellular oxidation in the Krebs cycle causes an electron build-up that is used to push H+ ions outward across the inner mitochondrial membrane (Hickman et al., 1997, p. 71).
As the charge builds up, it provides an electrical potential that releases its energy by causing a flow of hydrogen ions across the inner membrane into the inner chamber. The energy causes an enzyme to be attached to ADP which catalyzes the addition of a third phosphorus to form ATP. Plants can also produce ATP in this manner in their mitochondria but plants can also produce ATP by using the energy of sunlight in chloroplasts as discussed later. In the case of eukaryotic animals the energy comes from food which is converted to pyruvate and then to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). Acetyl CoA then enters the Krebs cycle which releases energy that results in the conversion of ADP back into ATP.
How does this potential difference serve to reattach the phosphates on ADP molecules? The more protons there are in an area, the more they repel each other. When the repulsion reaches a certain level, the hydrogens ions are forced out of a revolving-door-like structure mounted on the inner mitochondria membrane called ATP synthase complexes. This enzyme functions to reattach the phosphates to the ADP molecules, again forming ATP.
The ATP synthase revolving door resembles a molecular water wheel that harnesses the flow of hydrogen ions in order to build ATP molecules. Each revolution of the wheel requires the energy of about nine hydrogen ions returning into the mitochondrial inner chamber (Goodsell, 1996, p.74). Located on the ATP synthase are three active sites, each of which converts ADP to ATP with every turn of the wheel. Under maximum conditions, the ATP synthase wheel turns at a rate of up to 200 revolutions per second, producing 600 ATPs during that second.
ATP is used in conjunction with enzymes to cause certain molecules to bond together. The correct molecule first docks in the active site of the enzyme along with an ATP molecule. The enzyme then catalyzes the transfer of one of the ATP phosphates to the molecule, thereby transferring the energy stored in the ATP molecule. Next a second molecule docks nearby at a second active site on the enzyme. The phosphate is then transferred to it, providing the energy needed to bond the two molecules now attached to the enzyme. Once they are bonded, the new molecule is released. This operation is similar to using a mechanical jig to properly position two pieces of metal which are then welded together. Once welded, they are released as a unit and the process then can begin again.

A Double Energy Packet
Although ATP contains the amount of energy necessary for most reactions, at times more energy is required. The solution is for ATP to release two phosphates instead of one, producing an adenosine monophosphate (AMP) plus a chain of two phosphates called a pyrophosphate. How adenosine monophosphate is built up into ATP again illustrates the precision and the complexity of the cell energy system. The enzymes used in glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport system, are all so precise that they will replace only a single phosphate. They cannot add two new phosphates to an AMP molecule to form ATP.
The solution is an intricate enzyme called adenylate kinase which transfers a single phosphate from an ATP to the AMP, producing two ADP molecules. The two ADP molecules can then enter the normal Krebs cycle designed to convert ADP into ATP. Adenylate kinase requires an atom of magnesium�and this is one of the reasons why sufficient dietary magnesium is important.
Adenylate kinase is a highly organized but compact enzyme with its active site located deep within the molecule. The deep active site is required because the reactions it catalyzes are sensitive to water. If water molecules lodged between the ATP and the AMP, then the phosphate might break ATP into ADP and a free phosphate instead of transferring a phosphate from ATP to AMP to form ADP.
To prevent this, adenylate kinase is designed so that the active site is at the end of a channel deep in the structure which closes around AMP and ATP, shielding the reaction from water. Many other enzymes that use ATP rely on this system to shelter their active site to prevent inappropriate reactions from occurring. This system ensures that the only waste that occurs is the normal wear, tear, repair, and replacement of the cell�s organelles.
Pyrophosphates and pyrophosphoric acid, both inorganic forms of phosphorus, must also be broken down so they can be recycled. This phosphate breakdown is accomplished by the inorganic enzyme pyrophosphatase which splits the pyrophosphate to form two free phosphates that can be used to charge ATP (Goodsell, 1996, p.79). This system is so amazingly efficient that it produces virtually no waste, which is astounding considering its enormously detailed structure. Goodsell (1996, p. 79) adds that �our energy-producing machinery is designed for the production of ATP; quickly, efficiently, and in large quantity.�
The main energy carrier the body uses is ATP, but other energized nucleotides are also utilized such as thymine, guanine, uracil, and cytosine for making RNA and DNA. The Krebs cycle charges only ADP, but the energy contained in ATP can be transferred to one of the other nucleosides by means of an enzyme called nucleoside diphosphate kinase. This enzyme transfers the phosphate from a nucleoside triphosphate, commonly ATP, to a nucleoside diphosphate such as guanosine diphosphate (GDP) to form guanosine triphosphate (GTP).
The nucleoside diphosphate kinase works by one of its six active sites binding nucleoside triphosphate and releasing the phosphate which is bonded to a histidine. Then the nucleoside triphosphate, which is now a diphosphate, is released, and a different nucleoside diphosphate binds to the same site�and as a result the phosphate that is bonded to the enzyme is transferred, forming a new triphosphate. Scores of other enzymes exist in order for ATP to transfer its energy to the various places where it is needed. Each enzyme must be specifically designed to carry out its unique function, and most of these enzymes are critical for health and life.
The body does contain some flexibility, and sometimes life is possible when one of these enzymes is defective�but the person is often handicapped. Also, back-up mechanisms sometimes exist so that the body can achieve the same goals through an alternative biochemical route. These few simple examples eloquently illustrate the concept of over-design built into the body. They also prove the enormous complexity of the body and its biochemistry.

The Message of the Molecule
Without ATP, life as we understand it could not exist. It is a perfectly-designed, intricate molecule that serves a critical role in providing the proper size energy packet for scores of thousands of classes of reactions that occur in all forms of life. Even viruses rely on an ATP molecule identical to that used in humans. The ATP energy system is quick, highly efficient, produces a rapid turnover of ATP, and can rapidly respond to energy demand changes (Goodsell, 1996, p.79).
Furthermore, the ATP molecule is so enormously intricate that we are just now beginning to understand how it works. Each ATP molecule is over 500 atomic mass units (500 u). In manufacturing terms, the ATP molecule is a machine with a level of organization on the order of a research microscope or a standard television (Darnell, Lodish, and Baltimore, 1996).
Among the questions evolutionists must answer include the following, �How did life exist before ATP?� �How could life survive without ATP since no form of life we know of today can do that?� and �How could ATP evolve and where are the many transitional forms required to evolve the complex ATP molecule?� No feasible candidates exist and none can exist because only a perfect ATP molecule can properly carry out its role in the cell.
In addition, a potential ATP candidate molecule would not be selected for by evolution until it was functional and life could not exist without ATP or a similar molecule that would have the same function. ATP is an example of a molecule that displays irreducible complexity which cannot be simplified and still function (Behe, 1996). ATP could have been created only as a unit to function immediately in life and the same is true of the other intricate energy molecules used in life such as GTP.
Although other energy molecules can be used for certain cell functions, none can even come close to satisfactorily replacing all the many functions of ATP. Over 100,000 other detailed molecules like ATP have also been designed to enable humans to live, and all the same problems related to their origin exist for them all. Many macromolecules that have greater detail than ATP exist, as do a few that are less highly organized, and in order for life to exist all of them must work together as a unit.

The Contrast between Prokaryotic and
Eukaryotic ATP Production
An enormous gap exists between prokaryote (bacteria and cyanobacteria) cells and eukaryote (protists, plants and animals) type of cells:
...prokaryotes and eukaryotes are profoundly different from each other and clearly represent a marked dichotomy in the evolution of life. . . The organizational complexity of the eukaryotes is so much greater than that of the prokaryotes that it is difficult to visualize how a eukaryote could have arisen from any known prokaryote (Hickman et al., 1997, p. 39).
Some of the differences are that prokaryotes lack organelles, a cytoskeleton, and most of the other structures present in eukaryotic cells. Consequently, the functions of most organelles and other ultrastructure cell parts must be performed in bacteria by the cell membrane and its infoldings called mesosomes.

The Four Major Methods of Producing ATP
A crucial difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is the means they use to produce ATP. All life produces ATP by three basic chemical methods only: oxidative phosphorylation, photophosphorylation, and substrate-level phosphorylation (Lim, 1998, p. 149). In prokaryotes ATP is produced both in the cell wall and in the cytosol by glycolysis. In eukaryotes most ATP is produced in chloroplasts (for plants), or in mitochondria (for both plants and animals). No means of producing ATP exists that is intermediate between these four basic methods and no transitional forms have ever been found that bridge the gap between these four different forms of ATP production. The machinery required to manufacture ATP is so intricate that viruses are not able to make their own ATP. They require cells to manufacture it and viruses have no source of energy apart from cells.
In prokaryotes the cell membrane takes care of not only the cell�s energy-conversion needs, but also nutrient processing, synthesizing of structural macromolecules, and secretion of the many enzymes needed for life (Talaro and Talaro, 1993, p. 77). The cell membrane must, for this reason be compared with the entire eukaryote cell ultrastructure which performs these many functions. No simple means of producing ATP is known and prokaryotes are not by any means simple. They contain over 5,000 different kinds of molecules and can use sunlight, organic compounds such as carbohydrates and inorganic compounds as sources of energy to manufacture ATP.
Another example of the cell membrane in prokaryotes assuming a function of the eukaryotic cell ultrastructure is as follows: Their DNA is physically attached to the bacterial cell membrane and DNA replication may be initiated by changes in the membrane. These membrane changes are in turn related to the bacterium�s growth. Further, the mesosome appears to guide the duplicated chromatin bodies into the two daughter cells during cell division (Talaro and Talaro, 1993).
In eukaryotes the mitochondria produce most of the cell�s ATP (anaerobic glycolysis also produces some) and in plants the chloroplasts can also service this function. The mitochondria produce ATP in their internal membrane system called the cristae. Since bacteria lack mitochondria, as well as an internal membrane system, they must produce ATP in their cell membrane which they do by two basic steps. The bacterial cell membrane contains a unique structure designed to produce ATP and no comparable structure has been found in any eukaryotic cell (Jensen, Wright, and Robinson, 1997).
In bacteria, the ATPase and the electron transport chain are located inside the cytoplasmic membrane between the hydrophobic tails of the phospholipid membrane inner and outer walls. Breakdown of sugar and other food causes the positively charged protons on the outside of the membrane to accumulate to a much higher concentration than they are on the membrane inside. This creates an excess positive charge on the outside of the membrane and a relatively negative charge on the inside.
The result of this charge difference is a dissociation of H2O molecules into H+ and OH� ions. The H+ ions that are produced are then transported outside of the cell and the OH� ions remain on the inside. This results in a potential energy gradient similar to that produced by charging a flashlight battery. The force the potential energy gradient produces is called a proton motive force that can accomplish a variety of cell tasks including converting ADP into ATP.
In some bacteria such as Halobacterium this system is modified by use of bacteriorhodopsin, a protein similar to the sensory pigment rhodopsin used in the vertebrate retina (Lim, 1998, p. 166). Illumination causes the pigment to absorb light energy, temporarily changing rhodopsin from a trans to a cis form. The trans to cis conversion causes deprotonation and the transfer of protons across the plasma membrane to the periplasm.
The proton gradient that results is used to drive ATP synthesis by use of the ATPase complex. This modification allows bacteria to live in low oxygen but rich light regions. This anaerobic ATP manufacturing system, which is unique to prokaryotes, uses a chemical compound other than oxygen as a terminal electron acceptor (Lim, 1998, p. 168). The location of the ATP producing system is only one of many major contrasts that exist between bacterial cell membranes and mitochondria.

Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts are double membraned ATP-producing organelles found only in plants. Inside their outer membrane is a set of thin membranes organized into flattened sacs stacked up like coins called thylakoids (Greek thylac or sack, and oid meaning like). The disks contain chlorophyll pigments that absorb solar energy which is the ultimate source of energy for all the plant�s needs including manufacturing carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water (Mader, 1996, p. 75). The chloroplasts first convert the solar energy into ATP stored energy, which is then used to manufacture storage carbohydrates which can be converted back into ATP when energy is needed.
The chloroplasts also possess an electron transport system for producing ATP. The electrons that enter the system are taken from water. During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is reduced to a carbohydrate by energy obtained from ATP (Mader, 1996, p. 12). Photosynthesizing bacteria (cyanobacteria) use yet another system. Cyanobacteria do not manufacture chloroplasts but use chlorophyll bound to cytoplasmic thylakoids. Once again plausible transitional forms have never been found that can link these two forms of ATP production from the photosynthesis system.
The two most common evolutionary theories of the origin of the mitochondria-chloroplast ATP production system are 1) endosymbiosis of mitochondria and chloroplasts from the bacterial membrane system and 2) the gradual evolution of the prokaryote cell membrane system of ATP production into the mitochondria and chloroplast systems. Believers in endosymbiosis teach that mitochondria were once free-living bacteria, and that �early in evolution ancestral eukaryotic cells simply ate their future partners� (Vogel, 1998, p. 1633). Both the gradual conversion and endosymbiosis theory require many transitional forms, each new one which must provide the animal with a competitive advantage compared with the unaltered animals.
The many contrasts between the prokaryotic and eukaryotic means of producing ATP, some of which were noted above, are strong evidence against the endosymbiosis theory. No intermediates to bridge these two systems has ever been found and arguments put forth in the theory�s support are all highly speculative. These and other problems have recently become more evident as a result of recent major challenges to the standard endosymbiosis theory. The standard theory has recently been under attack from several fronts, and some researchers are now arguing for a new theory:
Scientists pondering how the first complex cell came together say the new idea could solve some nagging problems with the prevailing theory... �[the new theory is]... elegantly argued,� says Michael Gray of Dalhouisie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, but �there are an awful lot of things the hypothesis doesn�t account for.� In the standard picture of eukaryote evolution, the mitochondrion was a lucky accident. First, the ancestral cell�probably an archaebacterium, recent genetic analyses suggest�acquired the ability to engulf and digest complex molecules. It began preying on its microbial companions. At some point, however, this predatory cell didn�t fully digest its prey, and an even more successful cell resulted when an intended meal took up permanent residence and became the mitochondrion. For years, scientists had thought they had examples of the direct descendants of those primitive eukaryotes: certain protists that lack mitochondria. But recent analysis of the genes in those organisms suggests that they, too, once carried mitochondria but lost them later (Science, 12 September 1997, p. 1604). These findings hint that eukaryotes might somehow have acquired their mitochondria before they had evolved the ability to engulf and digest other cells (Vogel, 1998, p. 1633).

Summary
In this brief review we have examined only one cell macromolecule, ATP, and the intricate mechanisms which produce it. We have also looked at the detailed supporting mechanism which allows the ATP molecule to function. ATP is only one of hundreds of thousands of essential molecules, each one that has a story. As each of those stories is told, they will stand as a tribute to both the genius and the enormously complex design of the natural world. All the books in the largest library in the world may not be able to contain the information needed to understand and construct the estimated 100,000 complex macromolecule machines used in humans. Much progress has been made in understanding the structure and function of organic macromolecules and some of the simpler ones are now being manufactured by pharmaceutical firms.
Now that scientists understand how some of these highly organized molecules function and why they are required for life, their origin must be explained. We know only four basic methods of producing ATP: in bacterial cell walls, in the cytoplasm by photosynthesis, in chloroplasts, and in mitochondria. No transitional forms exist to bridge these four methods by evolution. According to the concept of irreducible complexity, these ATP producing machines must have been manufactured as functioning units and they could not have evolved by Darwinism mechanisms. Anything less than an entire ATP molecule will not function and a manufacturing plant which is less then complete cannot produce a functioning ATP. Some believe that the field of biochemistry which has achieved this understanding has already falsified the Darwinian world view (Behe, 1996).*

17. Silymarin(Milk Thistle) is the extract from the seeds of what plant_____________?
Milk Thistle: Silybum marianum (Carduus marianus)
An herbal detoxifier and protectant for your liver
Nowadays in Europe, silymarin, the purified extract of the fruits of S. marianum, and its main constituent, silybin, are used to maintain liver health and for the treatment of diseases of the liver. Worldwide milk thistle is, deservedly, one of the most commonly prescribed medicinal plants.
S. marianum is a medicinal plant which has been widely used in traditional European medicine for centuries. It is commonly known as milk thistle, St. Mary�s thistle and lady�s thistle. It is native to southern Europe, southern Russia, Asia Minor and North Africa. It has been naturalized to North and South America.

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertner (syn. Carduus marianus L.) belongs to the Asteraceae family (Compositae). It is a herbaceous annual or biennial plant that grows up to six feet tall. It is a widespread wayside herb of uncultivated ground and waste places throughout its geographical range. The plant was carried to North America by European colonists at an early date (Pickering 1879).

18. What process does DNP Inhibit? _______________________________
DNP interferes with the protein complex ATP synthase, which allows for the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi (inorganic phosphate). Since DNP interferes with a key step in ATP production, obviously ATP levels never elevate within any cell, including pancreatic beta cells. Hence, the feedback system through the KATP channels (at least in regards to insulin release), is disabled, and you effectively make yourself a diabetic while on DNP.

19. The single most anabolic thing a bodybuilder uses is
Insulin � Humulin R by Lilly.

20. How will taking arimidex help to increase gains? ________________________
A single tablet daily, the same dose use clinically seems to be all one needs for an exceptional effect (some even report excellent results with only � tablet daily. When used with strong, readily aromatizing androgens such as Dianabol, or Testosterone, gynecomastia and water retention can be effectively blocked. In combination w/ propecia, (finasteride), we have a gret advance. With the one drug halting estrogen conversion and the other blocking DHT (testosterone only), related side effects can be effectively minimized. Here the strong androgen testosterone could theoretically provide incredible muscular growth, while at the same time being as tolerable as nandrolone. Additionally the quality of the muscle should be greater, the athlete appearing harder and much more defined without holding excess water. Anabolics 2000, pg.47

21. What is TeBG, and what is it's function in the human body? _______________________
(testosterone-estradiol-binding globulin, TeBG)Transports hormones (estrogen and testosterone) to target tissues.

22. Under the influence of what chemical(s) will your testes produce testosterone? ____________________
FSH, LH ( for example Clomid does the following --- It stimulates the hypo-physis to release more gonadotropin so that a faster and higher re-lease of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hor-mone) occurs.

23. What chemical is the foundation (1st chemical in the creation cycles) of most hormones in the body? ____________________
Carbon

24. How does creatine work? _______________________________________ no more then 100 words.
Creatine, a dietary element found in abundance in meat and fish, is available in supplement form but is not FDA-approved. Research indicates that creatine supplements can increase muscle phosphocreatine content, which is absorbed by muscle cells and becomes an energy reserve.

25. What is this?

Equipoise (Boldenone Undecylenate) 25mg I believe made by Laboratorios VM, Columbia, Panama, Peru, chile, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Venezuela, Ecuador. . . .you get the point.

BONUS QUESTION!!!! Worth 2 points!!!
WHAT IS AN IU?
International Unit.

------------------

If you are going to be a bear. . .be a big fucking bear!!!!!

[This message has been edited by KODIAK99 (edited December 15, 2000).]

The next time that you cut and paste an answer try not pasting the whole encyclodia!LOL.

During high-intensity, short duration exercise, the amount of energy supplied is determined by the amount of phosphocreatine stored in the skeletal muscle. As phosphocreatine stores become depleted, fatigue will ultimately occur, reflecting an inability to resynthesize ATP, at the rate required. Therefore, it has been presumed that increasing muscle creatine content may increase the availability of phosphocreatine and allow for a quicker rate of resynthesis of ATP .
25. What is this? Dianabol liquid 25mg/ml
WHAT IS AN IU? International unit=(iu), in pharmacology, quantity of a substance, such as a vitamin, hormone, or toxin, that produces a specified effect when tested according to an internationally accepted biological procedure. For certain substances, the IU has been identified with a weight of a particular purified form of the material; for example, one gram of vitamin A acetate contains 2.904 106 IU.

wow, how fun. learn something new every day.

------------------

Just Bring It!!!

It took me lnoger to read your post than research the questions and answers....hahahahahahahahahaha....!!!!!!

Ranger

This is a great idea ya all. I sort of did something of the sort a while back on Womens board. I think WonderWoman won....

------------------
LAte

25. Maxigan Equipoise (And by the looks of it an old bottle)
BONUS: IU is an Internation Unit

Bonus: international unit

Whew!!!!!!! Had to pull out all of the books for this little quiz! Thanks for the challenge, E2 and Ranger!!

Copying ins't always a good thing, you'd better make sure all the answers are correct before you copy!!!!

------------------
Jeff

And I am sorry Bro.....You deserve better!!!!!!

But if you think about the questions there really is only one answer.

------------------

Thanks Ranger for YOUR support.

And then George is saying "there are African Americans who feel uncomfy on this board.

Well, well, George, sometimes i feel uncomfortable too.

------------------
Jeff

1. oxymetholone
2. Japan
3. Arimidex
4. Yes
5. nandrolone decoanate
6. True
7. C11H20O2
8. nandrolone decoanate and equipoise
9. Esiclene
10. 20mg
11. suspension
12. C10H20O2
13. arginine, glycine, methionine
14. 25mg total, only 5mg is delivered
15. Passiflora Caerulea
16. adenosine triphosphate, used for production of energy
17. silybum marianum
18. uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation
19. food
20. stops testosterone from aromatizing into estrogen, this means more test less estrogen more muscle growth.
21. same as SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin), binds a large % of testosterone in the blood making it unbioavailable, in other words it makes testosterone useless.
22. leutenizing hormone (LH)
23. cholesterol
24. increases cell volume by "pulling" water into cell, cell volume is said to increase growth; increases strength by providing substrates to produce ATP
25. Dbol
bonus. international unit

------------------
Lifes too short to be small

7. Do not post useless replies in this thread, they will be deleted!

I meant for the thread to be filled with replies to the quiz and nothing else.

I certainly didn't mean to upset you, if i did i'm sorry.

Jef,

who likes to be kicked around

------------------
Jeff

1. oxymetholone

2. japan

3. arimidex

4. yes

5. deca-durabolin

6. true

7. C11H20O2

8. nandrolone & boldenone

9. esiclene

10. 20

11. suspension

12. C10H20O2

13. arginine, glycine and methionine

14. 12.2

15. passiflora caerulea

16. adenosine triphosphate, ATP serves as the major energy source within the cell to drive a number of biological processes such as photosynthesis, muscle contraction, and the synthesis of proteins.

17. silybum marianum

18. disrupts the H+ gradient reducing ATP synthesis

19. food

20. it supresses estrogen

21. testosterone-estradiol-binding-globulin, transport testosterone in the blood

22. leutinizing hormone

23. cholesterol

24. in the body creatine is combined with phosphorus to form creatine phosphate. The high energy phosphates stored in creatine phosphate are then used to rapidly convert ADP back to ATP. When muscles are used to lift weight, run or perform any type of work, ATP is broken down to ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and energy is released

25. dianabol

BONUS QUESTION - international unit

------------------
Don't be alarmed, my real name is Richard.

1. Oxymetholone

2. Japan

3. Arimidex

4. yes

5. Deca-Durabolin

6. yes

7. C11H20O2

8. deca and eq

9. Esiclene

10. 20 mg

11. Suspension

12. C10H20O2

13. Arginine, Glycine and Methionine

14. 2.5 mg, and a 5 mg patch

15.Passiflora coerulea

16. adenosine triphosphate
(ATP), organic compound composed of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate units. ATP serves as the major energy source within cells, driving such biological processes as photosynthesis, muscle contraction, and protein synthesis. It is broken down by hydrolysis (reaction with water) to yield adenosine diphosphate (ADP), inorganic phosphorus, and energy. ADP can be further broken down by hydrolysis to yield adenosine monophosphate (AMP), inorganic phosphorus, and energy. Excess phosphorus yielded from these and subsequent reactions is used to produce new ATP from AMP.

17. Scientific classification: Thistles belong to the family Asteraceae (formerly Compositae). The common, plumed, or bull thistle is classified as Cirsium vulgare; the Canadian thistle as Cirsium arvense; the globe thistle as Echinops sphaerocephalus; and the milk thistle or lady's thistle as Silybum marianum. The cotton or Scotch thistle is classified as Onopordum acanthium, the red star thistle as Centaurea calcitrapa, and the blessed thistle as Cnicus benedictus

18. inhibition of the F0F1 ATP synthase
molecule, located in the inner wall of each mitochondrion. While the electron transport chain still
functions to pump hydrogen ions into the intermembrane space, the coupling of the proton gradient to
ATP production is rendered impossible by DNP.

19. food

20. Anastrozole or Arimidex taken orally inhibits the enzyme aromatase. By blocking this enzyme, the production in the body's tissues of estrogen is also blocked. simply put, Armidex kills the estrogen before it has a chance...

21. Testosterone-estradiol-binding-globulin.

Testosterone circulates in plasma largely bound to plasma proteins, primarily albumin and testosterone binding-globulin (TeBG). This is the sex hormone binding globulin you are referring to. TeBG is a b-globulin composed of nonidentical subunits, about 95 000 Daltons (a pretty big, complex molecule). In men, only about 2% of testosterone is unbound in vitro tests of peripheral blood where, 44% is bound to TeBG and 54% is bound to albumin. Albumin has about 1000-fold lower affinity for testosterone but about 1000-fold greater binding capacity, so basically the affinity product is similar. The proportion of testosterone (or estrogen for that matter) bound to the TeBG fraction is proportional to its concentration. However, the amount of hormone available for entry into cells depends on the given organ, as a function of capillary transit time, dissociation rate from the binding protein and the endothelial membrane permeability. Interestingly, studies of invivo tissue delivery of testosterone show nearly all of the albumin bound testosterone is actually available for brain uptake.

Also interesting is that estrogen disassociates from TeGB much faster than testosterone and TeBG levels are about one-third in men what they are in women. In healthy men, (men with intact hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis) any increase or decrease in TeBG levels does not affect tissue delivery of testosterone in the steady state. In fact, any change in levels of TeBG have a much more profound affect on estrogen delivery. Therefore as you can see, there are so many variables to take into account and, this mechanism of testosterone delivery to tissues is such a tightly regulated process. Even if you could magically increase free testosterone levels for prolonged periods of time this actually appears to have little effect in the whole scheme of things. The irony is also that measurement of free or bioactive hormones via latest technology- radioimmunoassays or even the whiz bang immunometric assays only give an indication, or clue, to the bioactivity of the hormone. These tests only measure the first step of hormonal action - the binding of the protein to the receptor, they do not assess the affects of interactions in generating a second messenger or initiating a specific response.

22. LH, FSH

23. Carbon

24. Creatine is synthesized from the amino acids arginine and glycine found in the liver and stored in the major skeletal muscles including the heart. Once absorbed by the muscle, it is then phosphorylated to form creatine phosphate which is a high energy substrate that assists in the contraction of the myofibrils (muscle fibers). Utilization of creatine maintains higher levels of ATP during exercise. ��Creatine increases physical performance and minimizes exercise fatigue by absorbing the hydrogen ions released into muscles by lactic acid.

25. Equipoise

Bonus Question : International Unit

JW
To all Mods, if an answer is wrong, I give you permission to change it to the CORRECT answer for me. hehe =)

25. What is this?
Equipoise
BONUS ?: international unit

3. Arimidex
4. Yes
5. nandrolone decoanate
6. True
7. C11H20O2
8. nandrolone decoanate and equipoise
9. Esiclene
10. 20mg
11. suspension
12. C10H20O2
13. arginine, glycine, methionine
14. 25mg total, only 5mg is delivered
15. Passiflora Caerulea
16. ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
17. Silybum Maranum
18. Uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation
19. food
20. stops testosterone from aromatizing into estrogen
21. binds to androgens for transport throughout the body
22. follicle-stimulating hormone/luteinizing hormone
23. Carbon
24. creatine is carried by the bloodstream to the skeletal muscle cells, where specific protein transporter molecules carry it directly into the muscle until it is needed for energy. Most of the creatine that is taken up by the muscle is converted into phosphocreatine
25. It is liquid d-bol 25mg. Unlike Reforvit, this is suspended in peanut oil. It was designed to be an injectable. There is still controversy about taking it orally. It also is sometimes sold under the name "Dianabol" Same color box, just different name. Both boxes have instructions with the "Dianabol" header
Bonus:International Unit

2.Japan

3.Arimidex

4.Yes. Vetipulmin� Syrup (for use in horses) - Each milliliter contains 72.5 micrograms of clenbuterol hydrochloride.

5.Nandrolone decanoate

6.True

7.C11H20O2

8. Nandrolone:
And Boldenone

9. Esiclene or Hubernol, which is a drug used by atheletes to inflame a muscle just before competition, and it can also be used to help lagging body part grow. Example: Right arm is one inch larger than your left arm. So, you inject Formebolone into your left bicept and left tricep and you work (in a gym) your left arm.

10.20mg

11. Testosterone suspension

12. C10H20O2

13. Arginine, Glycine, and Methionine

14.Androderm (testosterone transdermal system) comes in two different strengths, the smaller of the two is a patch which contains 12.2mg of testosterone and delivers 2.5mg per day. The stronger version is a patch which contains 24.3mg of testosterone , and delivers 5mg of testosterone per day.

15. Passoflora caerulea

16. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP),is a molecule, found in all living organisms, that is the main immediate source of usable energy for the activities of the cells. ATP is built up by the metabolism of foodstuffs in the cell in special compartments called mitochondria. Because the energy-exchanging function of ATP and the catalytic (work-boosting) function of enzymes are intimately connected, ATP is characterized as a coenzyme. The adenosine part of the molecule is made up of adenine, a nitrogen-containing compound (also one of the principal components of the gene), and ribose, a five-carbon sugar. Three phosphate units (triphosphate), each made up of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms, are attached to the ribose. The two bonds between the three phosphate groups are high-energy bonds, that is, they are relatively weak and yield their energy readily when split by enzymes. With the release of the end phosphate group, 7 kilocalories (7 calories, in common usage) of energy become available for work, and the ATP molecule becomes ADP (adenosine diphosphate). Most of the energy-consuming reactions in cells are powered by the conversion of ATP to ADP; they include the transmission of nerve signals, the movement of muscles, the synthesis of protein, and cell division. Usually, ADP quickly regains the third phosphate unit through the action of cytochrome, a protein that builds it up by using food energy. In vertebrate muscle and brain cells, excess ATP can join with creatine to provide a reserve energy store.

17. Silybum marianum

18. Dinitrophenol (DNP) inhibits the coupling of the proton gradient to ATP production. As a result, ATP production is dramatically reduced, and the energy is instead thrown off as heat.

19. Food. (an�a�bol�ic [�nn b�llik ] adjective
of type of metabolic process: used to describe a metabolic process in which energy is used to construct complex molecules from simpler ones.) Its all relative.

20. 1mg of Arimidex will completely neutralize 96% of the estrogen production (that comes from testosterone aromatization) in 48 hours. This increases gains because estrogens decrease the bioavailable fraction of testosterone. Thus by using Arimidex, one will have more testosterone available than if they don�t use Arimidex.

21.Testosterone estradiol binding globulin, or human Sex hormone binding globulin which binds to sex hormones for transport within the body.

22.Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone

23.Carbon (�chemical�- did you mean chemical element or chemical compound?)

24.Creatine supplementation can increase intramuscular PCr concentrations, creatine supplementation would theoretically enhance the availability of energy during explosive, high-intensity exercise bouts and/or enhance the ability to recover from intense exercise.

25. Methandrostenolone.Great web site E2(http://www.elitefitness.com/members/e2/dbol/ldbol.jpg)

BONUS: An International Unit (IU) is, in pharmacology, quantity of a substance, such as a vitamin, hormone, or toxin, that produces a specified effect when tested according to an internationally accepted biological procedure. For certain substances, the IU has been identified with a weight of a particular purified form of the material; for example, one gram of vitamin A acetate contains 2.904 106 IU.

------------------
- If you want 1 year of prosperity, grow grain. If you want 10 years of prosperity, grow trees. If you want 100 years of prosperity, grow people. -

For a good time click here: Search and Profiles (300Kleens Board)
Yet another fine board: Steriod World

1. Anadrol/Oxymetholone
   
2. Japan
   
3. Arimidex
   
4. Yes
   
5. Nandrolone Decanoate
   
6. True (it IS DHT)
   
7. C11-H20-O2
   
8. Equipose (boldenone undecylenate) and Sybolin or Vebonol (boldenone undecanoate)
   
9. Esiclene
   
10. 200 mg
    
11. Testosterone Suspension
    
12. C10-H20-O2
    
13. Arginine, Glycine and Methionine
    
14. 2.5 mg or 5.0 mg
    
15. Passiflora Caerulea
    
16. Adenosine Triphosphate. In very general sense, it's the basic source of energy for the body.
    
17. Uh, Milk Thistle. Otherwise known as Silybum Marianum
    
18. DNP's mode of action is to disrupt the ETC (electron transport chain) and cause uninhibited exchange of protons. This exchange of protons is what is responsible for making ADP into ATP.
    
19. FOOD
    
20. Prevents the conversion of testosterone to estrogen, or in other words, the amount of testosterone injected will remain as testosterone for muscle building purposes.
    
21. Testosterone Estradiol Binding Globulin. Some free testosterone binds to this globulin, then this binds to a receptor on the muscle cell, increasing the metabolism of this cell. It a very minor function in the anabolics of testosterone.
    
22. Three hormones: LH (Leutinizing Hormone), FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone), and TSH (Thryoid Stimulating Hormone)
    
23. Amino Acids
    
24. It's a cell volumizer, meaning it busses water into the muscle cells, making them fuller and harder.
    
25. Dianabol (trick question! Gotcha, E2! You fucker, heh heh heh...)
    

And the bonus question:
IU = International Unit, an arbitrary unit assigned to a material for biological activity. It's used when a compound is either unable to be purified or unstable when purified.

Where's my d-bol, dammit!

With my apologies to all of those who contribute to this board who I am blatantly stealing from:

1. Anadren

2. Japan

3. Armidex

4. Yes � Ventipulmin

5. Nandrolone Decanoate

6. True

7. C11 H20 O2

8. Deca / Equipose

9. Esiclene

10. 20mg

11. Test Suspension

12. C10 H20 O2

13. Arginine, Glycine, & Methionine

14. 12.2 mg

15. Passiflora Coerulea

16. Adenosine Tri-Phosphate: "Adenosine Triphosphate is fuel for muscular contractions. The presence of ATP at the cellular level within the muscles is what allows us to engauge in this physiological process known as weight training.
During resistance training ATP stores are being metabolized into Adenosine Diphosphate, (ADP). The source for the energy needed to enguage in strenuous resistance training comes from this very literal conversion.�

17. Silybum marianum

18. DNP will raise body tempeture by interfering with mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. The way that this is accomplished in the body is that DNP diverts fatty acids away from ATP production and throws them off as heat instead.

19. Food

20. Arimidex taken orally inhibits the enzyme aromatase. By blocking this enzyme, the production in the body's tissues of estrogen is also blocked, and aromatization is eliminated

21. Testosterone estradiol binding globulin � Testosterone and estrogen
circulates in plasma largely bound to plasma proteins, primarily
albumin and testosterone binding-globulin (TeBG). Where these hormones are transported to body tissues.

22. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

23. Carbon

24. Your body uses a molecule called ATP as its most basic unit of energy. By breaking off a phosphate group from ATP and creating ADP, chemical energy is released that the body can use to tense a muscle cell. If a muscle runs out of ATP, it can no longer contract. Luckily, the body has a mechanism for reusing some of this ATP. Creatine phosphate is also stored in muscle cells and it can donate it's phosphate group to an ADP molecule to reform ATP.

25. Equipose

**Bonus Question** = international unit.

2.) KOWA, JAPAN

3.) Arimidex

4.) Yes

5.) Nandrolone Decanoate/Deca Durabolin

6.) True

7.) Same as #12, except there is one less carbon on the chain.

8.) Nandrolone Decanoate & Boldenone Undecylenate.

9.) Esiclene

10.) 20 mg.

11.) Test. Suspension

12.) I don't have a program like Chem-draw to do the chemical STRUCTURE so I'll have to explaine it. It has 3 cyclohexane rings (A,B,C) bonded together. On cyclohexane A, there is a double bond to an oxygen at the 3rd carbon. Cyclohexane C is bonded to a cyclopentane ring. On the 13th carbon that bonds both C and the cyclopentane, there is a methyl group bonded off. The 17th carbon is bonded to an Oxygen, which is bonded to an ester link which looks like this

O-C-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
ll <--Double bond to Oxygen from C to O.
O
*Also, there is a double bond between the 4th and 5th carbon on Cyclohexane A.

13) Arginine, Glycine, Methionine

14) 2.5mg and 5.0mg

15) Passiflora Caerulea

16) ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) = The universal energy-carrying molecule manufactured in all living cells as a means of capturing and storing energy. The primary energy source for muscular movement and heat production.

17) Silybum marianu

18) Interferes with mitochondria oxidative-phosphorylation (electron Transport Chain). Also stops ADP to ATP.

19) FOOD

20) Prevents the conversion of testosterone to estrogen. It should be noted that the total loss and production of estrogen in males will yield less muscle gains. Will prevent Gyno. E2's Favorite anti-estogen as well as many other, as it should be.

21) Testosterone-estradiol-Binding-Globulin

22) LH and FSH

23) ??? I'm gonna say Cholesterol.

24) Creatine? (Methylguanido-acetic acid) Supplied naturally in our bodies for energy. Creatine is made in the liver,kidney, pancreas and is eventually made into creatine phosphate. It is stored in the cells until it is used for ATP. Let's get to the point here, IT IS A CELL VOLUMIZER. It associates with water in the muscle cells and gives the cell/muscles a superhydration effect. Sort of like adding water and sugar into a ballon.

25) Methandrostenolone/Dianabol

***Bonus Question:
I.U. = International Unit

***Well, I know I didn't get 'em all right but those are my answers. This was definately a KICK-ASS idea. Great Job.
MR. BMJ

[This message has been edited by MR. BMJ (edited December 19, 2000).]