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Here's a loose collection of info I've collected over time since you asked about the potential hormonal effects of the anabolic diet in women. Nothing concrete, but definitely things to thing about here:
ACUTE insulin infusions decrease DHEAS levels in men AND women, suggesting that insulin is a negative modulator of adrenal androgen metabolism (Nestler JE, Strauss III JF 1991 Insulin as an effector of human ovarian and adrenal steroid metabolism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 20:807-823).
However, when insulin levels are CHRONICALLY lowered, circulating DHEA and DHEAS levels RISE in men BUT NOT IN WOMEN, suggesting that this regulation of adrenal androgen metabolism is sexually dimorphic (Beer NA, Jakubowicz DJ, Beer RM, Nestler JE 1994, Disparate effects of insulin reduction with diltiazem on serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in obese hypertensive men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79:1077-1081). This alone suggests to me that the 'anabolic diet' may not have the same effect in women.
Lowering insulin levels with insulin-sensitizing agents has resulted in decreases in DHEAS levels in women (eg Dunaif A, Scott D, Finegood D, Quintana B, Whitcomb R 1996 The insulin sensitizing agent troglitazone: a novel therapy for the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:3299-3306).
The mechanism of this appears to be a direct action of insulin to increase adrenal sensitivity to ACTH in women (Moghetti P, Castello R, Negri C, Tosi F, Spiazzi GG, Brun E, Balducci R, Toscano V, Muggeo M 1996 Insulin infusion amplifies 17-hydroxycorticosteroid intermediates response to adrenocorticotropin in women: apparent relative impairment of 17,20-lyase activity. J, Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:881-886).
Insulin can directly decrease hepatic SHBG production (Plymate SR, Matej LA, Jones RE 1988 Inhibition of sex hormone-binding globulin production in the human hepatoma (Hep G2) cell line by insulin and prolactin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 67:460-464),
Which explains the frequently observed inverse correlation between peripheral insulin and SHBG levels (Preziosi P et al, 1993 Interrelation between plasma sex hormone-binding globulin and plasma insulin in healthy adult women: the telecom study.J Clin Endocrinol Metab Feb;76(2):283-7
Indeed, insulin rather than sex steroids appears to be the major regulator of SHBG production, especially in women. The implications of these studies for steroidogenesis in women (but not men) would seem that insulin, by itself, can both increase adrenal androgen production AND decrease SHBG. Taken to extremes, of course, this could make you end up with insulin resistance/PCOS. But in moderation it would seem that chronic moderate intake of insulogenic foods is more beneficial to androgen production in women than in men, whereas acute insulin spiking (such as high carb refeeds) may actaully be detrimental. In contrast, men may produce more androgens in response to a low carb diet.
ACUTE insulin infusions decrease DHEAS levels in men AND women, suggesting that insulin is a negative modulator of adrenal androgen metabolism (Nestler JE, Strauss III JF 1991 Insulin as an effector of human ovarian and adrenal steroid metabolism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 20:807-823).
However, when insulin levels are CHRONICALLY lowered, circulating DHEA and DHEAS levels RISE in men BUT NOT IN WOMEN, suggesting that this regulation of adrenal androgen metabolism is sexually dimorphic (Beer NA, Jakubowicz DJ, Beer RM, Nestler JE 1994, Disparate effects of insulin reduction with diltiazem on serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels in obese hypertensive men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 79:1077-1081). This alone suggests to me that the 'anabolic diet' may not have the same effect in women.
Lowering insulin levels with insulin-sensitizing agents has resulted in decreases in DHEAS levels in women (eg Dunaif A, Scott D, Finegood D, Quintana B, Whitcomb R 1996 The insulin sensitizing agent troglitazone: a novel therapy for the polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:3299-3306).
The mechanism of this appears to be a direct action of insulin to increase adrenal sensitivity to ACTH in women (Moghetti P, Castello R, Negri C, Tosi F, Spiazzi GG, Brun E, Balducci R, Toscano V, Muggeo M 1996 Insulin infusion amplifies 17-hydroxycorticosteroid intermediates response to adrenocorticotropin in women: apparent relative impairment of 17,20-lyase activity. J, Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:881-886).
Insulin can directly decrease hepatic SHBG production (Plymate SR, Matej LA, Jones RE 1988 Inhibition of sex hormone-binding globulin production in the human hepatoma (Hep G2) cell line by insulin and prolactin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 67:460-464),
Which explains the frequently observed inverse correlation between peripheral insulin and SHBG levels (Preziosi P et al, 1993 Interrelation between plasma sex hormone-binding globulin and plasma insulin in healthy adult women: the telecom study.J Clin Endocrinol Metab Feb;76(2):283-7
Indeed, insulin rather than sex steroids appears to be the major regulator of SHBG production, especially in women. The implications of these studies for steroidogenesis in women (but not men) would seem that insulin, by itself, can both increase adrenal androgen production AND decrease SHBG. Taken to extremes, of course, this could make you end up with insulin resistance/PCOS. But in moderation it would seem that chronic moderate intake of insulogenic foods is more beneficial to androgen production in women than in men, whereas acute insulin spiking (such as high carb refeeds) may actaully be detrimental. In contrast, men may produce more androgens in response to a low carb diet.
